en-gb	The Welsh Government does not agree that Learned Societies  are not genuinely independent – learned societies are not affiliated to Government and exist  to promote an academic discipline , profession,  or a group of related disciplines.
cy-gb	Nid yw Llywodraeth Cymru yn cytuno â’r honiad nad yw Cymdeithasau Dysgedig yn wirioneddol annibynnol – nid yw cymdeithasau dysgedig yn gysylltiedig â’r Llywodraeth ac maent yn bodoli er mwyn hybu disgyblaeth academaidd, proffesiwn, neu grŵp o ddisgyblaethau cysylltiedig.

en-gb	The Learned Society of Wales will be one of the bodies that can be accessed through this mechanism.
cy-gb	Un o’r cyrff y gellir cael mynediad ato drwy’r mecanwaith hwn yw Cymdeithas Ddysgedig Cymru.

en-gb	Is it appropriate for the Community Partnership to decide whether to exercise the right of withdrawal and put the question to the community?
cy-gb	A yw’n briodol i’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol benderfynu a ddylid arfer yr hawl i dynnu’n ôl a gofyn y cwestiwn i’r gymuned?

en-gb	Do you have views on how else this could be decided?
cy-gb	A oes gennych farn ar ffyrdd eraill o benderfynu hyn?

en-gb	Some respondents considered that the Right of Withdrawal should be continuous and remain an option even after the Test of Public Support.
cy-gb	Roedd rhai o’r ymatebwyr yn credu y dylai’r hawl i dynnu’n ôl fod yn barhaus ac y dylai ddal i fod yn opsiwn hyd yn oed ar ôl y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd.

en-gb	It was suggested that technology could be used to monitor public opinion anonymously.
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd y gellid defnyddio technoleg i fonitro barn y cyhoedd yn ddienw.

en-gb	It was also suggested that there should be regular opinion polls and if support falls beneath a specific threshold then this should trigger withdrawal.
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd hefyd y dylid cael polau piniwn rheolaidd a phe bai cefnogaeth yn mynd yn is na throthwy penodol y dylai hynny ysgogi tynnu’n ôl.

en-gb	Some respondents supported the Community Partnership being able to enact the Right of Withdrawal but emphasised that it was important to ensure that their decision making process is robust and appropriate.
cy-gb	Roedd rhai o’r ymatebwyr yn credu y dylai’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol allu arfer yr  hawl i dynnu’n ôl ond roeddent yn pwysleisio ei bod yn bwysig sicrhau bod ei phroses wneud penderfyniadau yn gadarn ac yn briodol.

en-gb	There was a suggestion that there needs to be greater clarity on the interaction between Right of Withdrawal and Test of Public Support, with clearer definition of the terms.
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd bod angen mwy o eglurder ynglŷn â’r rhyngweithiad rhwng “hawl i dynnu’n ôl” a “Phrawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd”, a bod angen diffiniad cliriach o’r termau.

en-gb	It was suggested that the Right of Withdrawal should be at the heart of any voluntary process, but this process should be designed to maximise the likelihood that any withdrawal is based on a mature assessment of the benefits and disbenefits of the GDF proposal.
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd y dylai’r Hawl i Dynnu’n Ôl fod yn ganolog i unrhyw broses wirfoddol, ond dylid cynllunio’r broses hon er mwyn cynyddu’r tebygolrwydd y bydd unrhyw achos o dynnu’n ôl yn seiliedig ar asesiad aeddfed o fanteision ac anfanteision cynnig y CGD.

en-gb	The Community Agreement should define how the Right of Withdrawal is exercised.
cy-gb	Dylai’r Cytundeb Cymunedol ddiffinio sut y bydd yr Hawl i Dynnu’n Ôl yn cael ei weithredu.

en-gb	The Welsh Government Working with Communities policy explains that the agreement of the relevant local authority(ies) will be required before the Community Partnership proceeds with either the Right of Withdrawal or the Test of Public Support._
cy-gb	Mae polisi Gweithio gyda Chymunedau Llywodraeth Cymru yn egluro na all y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol symud ymlaen â’r Hawl i Dynnu’n Ôl na’r Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd os nad yw’r awdurdod(au) lleol perthnasol yn cytuno.

en-gb	Additionally, a local authority can effectively enact a Right of Withdrawal for the community council areas within its boundaries by leaving the Community Partnership.
cy-gb	Yn ychwanegol at hyn, gall awdurdod lleol i bob pwrpas weithredu Hawl i Dynnu’n Ôl ar gyfer yr ardaloedd cynghorau cymuned o fewn ei ffiniau drwy adael y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol.

en-gb	The relevant local authority(ies) on the Community Partnership can invoke the Right of Withdrawal at any point up  until the Test of Public Support.
cy-gb	Gall yr awdurdod(au) lleol perthnasol ar y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol ddefnyddio’r Hawl i Dynnu’n Ôl ar unrhyw adeg hyd at y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd.

en-gb	The Test of Public Support is designed to determine a final view from the community as to whether they are willing to host a GDF.
cy-gb	Mae’r Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd wedi’i gynllunio er mwyn canfod beth yw barn derfynol y gymuned, hynny yw, a yw’n fodlon derbyn CGD ai peidio.

en-gb	Should the Test of Public Support not return a positive result the siting process will end in the community
cy-gb	Pe na bai canlyniad cadarnhaol i’r Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd byddai’r broses leoli’n dod i ben yn y gymuned.

en-gb	A GDF would still require planning permission and to meet rigorous safety, security and environmental standards in order to secure the necessary permits.
cy-gb	Byddai angen caniatâd cynllunio ar gyfer CGD o hyd, a byddai angen iddo fodloni safonau diogelwch a safonau amgylcheddol trylwyr er mwyn cael y trwyddedau angenrheidiol.

en-gb	Both the planning and the environmental permitting process will include further public consultation so the local community will have the opportunity for on-going dialogue after the Test of Public Support
cy-gb	Bydd y broses gynllunio a’r broses drwyddedu amgylcheddol yn cynnwys rhagor o ymgynghori â’r cyhoedd felly bydd y gymuned leol yn cael cyfle i gymryd rhan mewn deialog barhaus ar ôl y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd.

en-gb	The Welsh Government expects the Community Partnership to monitor local public opinion but it will be for them to decide how this is best achieved.
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn disgwyl i’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol fonitro’r farn gyhoeddus yn lleol ond hi fydd yn penderfynu beth yw’r ffordd orau o wneud hyn.

en-gb	The Welsh Government agrees that how the Community Partnership proposes to implement a Right of Withdrawal should be covered in the Community Partnership Agreement.
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn cytuno y dylai Cytundeb y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol egluro sut y mae’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol yn bwriadu gweithredu Hawl i Dynnu’n Ôl.

en-gb	A Test of Public Support must take place in the potential host community before a GDF can be developed.
cy-gb	Rhaid i Brawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd gael ei gynnal yn y gymuned a allai gynnig lleoliad cyn y gellir datblygu CGD.

en-gb	Is it appropriate that the Community Partnership should decide how and when the Test of Public Support should be carried out?
cy-gb	A yw’n briodol i’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol benderfynu sut a phryd y dylid cynnal y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd?

en-gb	Do you have views on how else this could be decided?
cy-gb	A oes gennych farn am sut arall y gellid penderfynu hyn?

en-gb	Concern has been raised that only one Test of Public Support is available.
cy-gb	Mynegwyd pryder mai dim ond un Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd sydd ar gael.

en-gb	It was suggested that the Community Partnership should not have the power to determine how and when the Test of Public Support is undertaken as the decision will impact upon generations not yet born.
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd na ddylai’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol gael y grym i benderfynu sut a phryd y bydd y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd yn cael ei gynnal gan y bydd y penderfyniad yn effeithio ar genedlaethau nad ydynt wedi’u geni eto.

en-gb	Other respondents agreed that it was appropriate to have one decisive vote.
cy-gb	Roedd ymatebwyr eraill yn cytuno ei bod yn briodol cael un bleidlais bendant.

en-gb	Clarity was sought as to whether communities on the transport route would be able to vote in the Test of Public Support.
cy-gb	Gofynnwyd am eglurder ynglŷn â’r cwestiwn a fyddai cymunedau ar y llwybr trafnidiaeth yn gallu pleidleisio yn y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd.

en-gb	Questions were raised as to how it would be ensured that the Community Partnership designs and supervises the Test in a fair manner.
cy-gb	Codwyd cwestiynau ynglŷn â sut y gellid sicrhau bod y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol yn cynllunio’r Prawf yn deg ac yn ei oruchwylio.

en-gb	Some respondents agreed it was appropriate for the Community Partnership to determine how the Test of Public Support should be undertaken but suggested that RWM could provide guidance and that extensive community engagement should take place ahead of such an important decision.
cy-gb	Roedd rhai o’r ymatebwyr yn cytuno ei bod yn briodol i’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol benderfynu sut y dylai’r Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd gael ei gynnal ond roeddent yn awgrymu y gallai RWM ddarparu canllawiau ac y dylid ymgysylltu’n helaeth â’r gymuned cyn gwneud penderfyniad mor bwysig.

en-gb	Issues such as the criteria, timing, trigger points and process for moving to a Test of Public Support should be explicitly set out in the Community Agreement and/or the Terms of Reference for the Community Partnership.
cy-gb	Dylai materion fel y meini prawf, amseriad, trothwyon a’r broses ar gyfer symud tuag at Brawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd gael eu nodi’n glir yn y Cytundeb Cymunedol a/neu yng Nghylch Gorchwyl y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol.

en-gb	It was considered important that whatever test is devised, is robust and transparent to the Potential Host Community and neighbouring communities.
cy-gb	Teimlid ei bod yn bwysig bod unrhyw brawf sy’n cael ei ddyfeisio yn gadarn ac yn dryloyw i’r Gymuned a Allai Gynnig Lleoliad ac i gymunedau cyfagos.

en-gb	It was recommended that social scientists should assist in the development of the Test of Public Support process to ensure that it is fair and balanced.
cy-gb	Argymhellwyd y dylai gwyddonwyr cymdeithasol helpu i ddatblygu proses y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd er mwyn sicrhau ei fod yn deg ac yn gytbwys.

en-gb	It was also suggested that the Electoral Commission should oversee the process.
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd hefyd y dylai’r Comisiwn Etholiadol oruchwylio’r broses.

en-gb	It was suggested that existing democratic structures, at the lowest level possible, should be central to the local engagement process and it should be these existing democratic structures that determine when the Test of Public Support should be carried out, perhaps informed by independent opinion polling.
cy-gb	Awgrymwyd y dylai’r strwythurau democrataidd presennol, ar y lefelau isaf posibl, fod yn ganolog i’r broses ymgysylltu leol ac mai’r strwythurau democrataidd presennol hyn ddylai benderfynu pryd y dylid cynnal y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd, a hynny efallai ar sail pôl piniwn annibynnol.

en-gb	The previous siting process for a GDF took place in England only.
cy-gb	Yn Lloegr yn unig y digwyddodd y broses leoli flaenorol ar gyfer CGD.

en-gb	In the previous process the local authorities had a continuing Right of Withdrawal and would take the final decision on whether or not a GDF could be sited in their community.
cy-gb	Yn y broses flaenorol roedd gan yr awdurdodau lleol Hawl i Dynnu’n Ôl ar unrhyw adeg a hwy fyddai’n penderfynu’n derfynol a ellid lleoli CGD yn eu cymuned ai peidio.

en-gb	There was no provision for any Test of Public Support in the previous process.
cy-gb	Nid oedd darpariaeth ar gyfer Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd yn y broses flaenorol.

en-gb	The Welsh Government does not consider that it would be appropriate to have multiple tests of public support as this may encourage the Community Partnership to call a Test of Public Support prematurely and before the community has all the necessary information and has had the opportunity to have all its questions and concerns about a GDF addressed.
cy-gb	Nid yw Llywodraeth Cymru yn credu y byddai’n briodol cael nifer o brofion o gefnogaeth y cyhoedd oherwydd gallai hynny annog y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol i alw am Brawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd yn rhy fuan a chyn i’r gymuned gael yr holl wybodaeth angenrheidiol a chael cyfle i gael ateb i’w holl gwestiynau a phryderon ynglŷn â CGD.

en-gb	By having the Test of Public Support later in the process this will enable people in the community to understand the impacts, positive and negative, that hosting a GDF would bring.
cy-gb	Bydd cael y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd yn ddiweddarach yn y broses yn galluogi pobl yn y gymuned i ddeall effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol derbyn CGD.

en-gb	However, the relevant local authority will have a continuing right to withdraw the community, which can be exercised at any time after the formation of the Community Partnership up until the Test of Public Support.
cy-gb	Er hyn, bydd gan yr awdurdod lleol perthnasol hawl barhaus i dynnu’r gymuned yn ôl o’r trafodaethau, a gellir defnyddio’r hawl hon unrhyw bryd ar ôl ffurfio’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol hyd at y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd.

en-gb	The Welsh Government would expect the Test of Public Support to be taken once the community has had the opportunity to have all its questions answered.
cy-gb	Byddai Llywodraeth Cymru yn disgwyl i’r Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd gael ei gynnal ar ôl i’r gymuned gael cyfle i gael ateb i’w holl gwestiynau.

en-gb	It must take place before RWM can apply for planning permission and the necessary permits for underground investigations, construction and operation of a GDF.
cy-gb	Rhaid i’r prawf fod wedi’i gynnal cyn y gall RWM wneud cais am ganiatâd cynllunio a’r trwyddedau sydd eu hangen ar gyfer ymchwiliadau o dan y ddaear, ac ar gyfer adeiladu neu weithredu CGD.

en-gb	No such applications will be made if the Test of Public Support is not positive.
cy-gb	Ni fydd ceisiadau o’r fath yn cael eu gwneud os nad yw’r Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd yn gadarnhaol.

en-gb	To clarify the extent of the transport route that will be included in the Potential Host Community, and therefore able to take part in the Test of Public Support, this will be the community council areas on the route from the proposed GDF site to the nearest port, railhead or primary road network (i.e. out to where minor roads meet the nearest A roads).
cy-gb	O ran faint o’r llwybr trafnidiaeth fydd yn cael ei gynnwys yn y Gymuned a Allai Gynnig Lleoliad, ac a fyddai o ganlyniad yn gallu cymryd rhan yn y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd, bydd hyn yn cynnwys yr ardaloedd cynghorau cymuned ar y llwybr o safle’r CGD arfaethedig i’r porthladd, pen rheilffordd neu rwydwaith prif ffyrdd agosaf (h.y. allan i’r man lle mae’r is-ffyrdd yn cwrdd â’r ffyrdd Dosbarth A agosaf).

en-gb	Impacts along transport corridors from higher activity radioactive waste storage sites to a GDF are likely to be very small.
cy-gb	Nid yw’n debygol y bydd llawer o effeithiau ar hyd coridorau trafnidiaeth o safleoedd storio gwastraff ymbelydrol uwch ei actifedd i CGD.

en-gb	Higher activity radioactive waste will be transported over a long period of operation and therefore the rate of movement will be low.
cy-gb	Bydd gwastraff ymbelydrol uwch ei actifedd yn cael ei gludo dros gyfnod gweithredu hir felly bydd y gyfradd symud yn isel.

en-gb	The Welsh Government agrees that how the Community Partnership proposes to undertake a Test of Public Support should be included in  the Community Partnership Agreement.
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn cytuno y dylai Cytundeb y Bartneriaeth Gymunedol nodi sut y mae’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol yn bwriadu cynnal Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd.

en-gb	The Welsh Government considers it appropriate that the Community Partnership decides how the Test of Public Support is undertaken but it will need to be transparent and fair..
cy-gb	Cred Llywodraeth Cymru ei bod yn briodol i’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol benderfynu sut y bydd y Prawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd yn cael ei gynnal ond bydd angen iddo fod yn deg ac yn dryloyw.

en-gb	The Welsh Government would support the involvement of social scientists or oversight from the Electoral Commission should the Community Partnership decide to proceed in that manner.
cy-gb	Byddai Llywodraeth Cymru o blaid defnyddio dulliau gwyddorau cymdeithasol neu gael goruchwyliaeth gan y Comisiwn Etholiadol pe bai’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol yn penderfynu symud ymlaen yn y modd hwnnw.

en-gb	The Welsh Government agrees that existing democratic structures should be central to the process and that is why relevant local authorities are being given an important and central role in the process.
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn cytuno y dylai’r strwythurau democrataidd presennol fod yn ganolog i’r broses a dyna pam y mae awdurdodau lleol perthnasol yn cael rhan bwysig a chanolog yn y broses.

en-gb	The Community Partnership should also consider how to involve other democratically elected representatives such as community councillors.
cy-gb	Dylai’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol hefyd ystyried sut i gynnwys cynrychiolwyr eraill sy’n cael eu hethol yn ddemocrataidd, megis cynghorwyr cymunedol.

en-gb	Themes arising other than in response to questions in the consultation & the Welsh Government responses
cy-gb	Themâu sy’n codi ar wahân i’r rhai mewn ymateb i’r cwestiynau yn yr ymgynghoriad ac ymatebion Llywodraeth Cymru

en-gb	This chapter contains the Welsh Government consideration of the main themes raised by consultation responses other than those that directly address the consultation questions.
cy-gb	Mae’r bennod hon yn cynnwys ystyriaeth Llywodraeth Cymru o’r prif themâu a godwyd gan ymatebion i’r ymgynghoriad ar wahân i’r rhai sy’n cyfeirio’n uniongyrchol at gwestiynau’r ymgynghoriad.

en-gb	The consultation was not about the Welsh Government policy supporting geological disposal nor its support for the development of new nuclear power stations on existing sites in Wales.
cy-gb	Nid oedd yr ymgynghoriad yn ymwneud â pholisi Llywodraeth Cymru yn cefnogi gwaredu daearegol na’r gefnogaeth i ddatblygu gorsafoedd pŵer niwclear newydd ar safleoedd sy’n bodoli’n barod yng Nghymru.

en-gb	The Welsh Government has already announced policies with regards these matters.
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru eisoes wedi cyhoeddi polisïau yn ymwneud â’r materion hynny.

en-gb	However, many of the responses addressed these issues as well as some other issues that were not directly related to the consultation questions.
cy-gb	Er hyn, roedd llawer o’r ymatebion yn rhoi sylw i’r materion hyn yn ogystal â rhai materion eraill nad oeddent yn uniongyrchol gysylltiedig â chwestiynau’r ymgynghoriad.

en-gb	As explained in Chapter 1, many of these issues have previously been addressed in the Welsh Government response to the Call for Evidence  and consultations  regarding radioactive waste.
cy-gb	Fel yr eglurwyd ym Mhennod 1, rhoddwyd sylw i lawer o’r materion hyn o’r blaen yn ymateb Llywodraeth Cymru i’r Cais am Dystiolaeth  ac mewn ymgyngoriadau  ynglŷn â gwastraff ymbelydrol.

en-gb	This section will focus on significant new issues raised.
cy-gb	Bydd yr adran hon yn canolbwyntio ar faterion newydd o bwys a godwyd.

en-gb	See Chapter 2 of the Welsh Government consultation document ‘Review of Welsh Government Policy on the Management & Disposal of Higher Activity Radioactive Waste  -
cy-gb	Gweler Pennod 2 yn nogfen ymgynghori Llywodraeth Cymru, ‘Adolygiad o’r Polisi Presennol ar Waredu

en-gb	https://beta.gov.wales/sites/default/files/consultations/2018 - 01/141023haw - consultation - en.pdf
cy-gb	Gwastraff Ymbelydrol Uwch ei Actifedd  - https://beta.llyw.cymru/sites/default/files/consultations/201801/141023haw-consultation-cy.pdf

en-gb	Welsh Government is grateful for input from CoRWM and RWM with regards some of the technical issues raised.
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn ddiolchgar i CoRWM a RWM am y mewnbwn mewn cysylltiad â rhai o’r materion technegol a godwyd.

en-gb	Some responses considered that it is unclear what would happen in the absence of any communities participating in the process
cy-gb	Roedd rhai o’r ymatebion yn teimlo nad yw’n glir iawn beth fyddai’n digwydd pe na bai unrhyw gymunedau’n cymryd rhan yn y broses.

en-gb	The Welsh Government position is clear:
cy-gb	Mae sefyllfa Llywodraeth Cymru yn glir:

en-gb	a GDF cannot be constructed in Wales without a Potential Host Community that explicitly consents to host the facility through a Test of Public Support.
cy-gb	ni ellir adeiladu CGD yng Nghymru oni bai fod Cymuned a Allai Gynnig Lleoliad yn datgan yn bendant ei bod yn cydsynio i dderbyn y cyfleuster drwy Brawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd.

en-gb	Without this consent there can be no applications for planning permission for construction of a GDF and the necessary safety and environmental permits.
cy-gb	Heb y cydsyniad hwn ni ellir gwneud cais am ganiatâd cynllunio i adeiladu CGD nac am y trwyddedau diogelwch a’r trwyddedau amgylcheddol sydd eu hangen.

en-gb	Some responses referred to a case in the Swedish Environmental Court with regards the safety of copper canisters as packaging for radioactive waste.
cy-gb	Roedd rhai o’r ymatebion yn cyfeirio at achos yn Llys Amgylcheddol Sweden a oedd yn ymwneud â diogelwch defnyddio cynwysyddion copr i ddal gwastraff ymbelydrol.

en-gb	RWM has a number of candidate materials under consideration for use in high heat generating waste (HHGW) container designs.
cy-gb	Mae RWM yn ystyried nifer o ddeunyddiau posibl y gellid eu defnyddio i wneud cynwysyddion ar gyfer gwastraff sy’n cynhyrchu gwres uchel.

en-gb	At the current generic (non-site specific) stage of the GDF programme, the final choice of container material has not yet been made.
cy-gb	Nid oes penderfyniad terfynol wedi’i wneud eto, yn y cam cyffredinol hwn o’r rhaglen CGD (heb safle penodol), ynglŷn â’r deunydd a fydd yn cael ei ddewis ar gyfer y cynhwysydd.

en-gb	The final material selected will be dependent on the geology/hydrogeology within which the GDF will be sited and the eventual site specific design.
cy-gb	Bydd y deunydd terfynol a ddewisir yn dibynnu ar ddaeareg/hydroddaeareg yr ardal lle bydd y CGD yn cael ei leoli ac ar ddyluniad penodol y safle yn y pen draw.

en-gb	RWM collaborate closely with many international waste management organisations, including SKB , and regularly exchange information on the science & technology behind disposal concepts to help inform future decision making here in the UK.
cy-gb	Mae RWM yn gweithio mewn cysylltiad agos â llawer o sefydliadau rheoli gwastraff rhyngwladol, gan gynnwys SKB, ac mae’n cyfnewid gwybodaeth yn rheolaidd ynglŷn â’r agweddau gwyddonol a’r dechnoleg sydd y tu ôl i gysyniadau gwaredu, fel sail i benderfyniadau a fydd yn cael eu gwneud yn y dyfodol yma yn y DU.

en-gb	As part of this regular exchange, RWM has an ongoing programme of technical work looking at HHGW container integrity, including the copper disposal containers utilised as part of the Swedish KBS-3 concept.
cy-gb	Fel rhan o’r broses reolaidd hon o gyfnewid gwybodaeth, mae gan RWM raglen barhaus o waith technegol sy’n edrych ar gadernid cynwysyddion gwastraff sy’n cynhyrchu gwres uchel, gan gynnwys y cynwysyddion gwaredu copr sy’n cael eu defnyddio fel rhan o’r cysyniad KBS-3 yn Sweden.

en-gb	Whichever container material is eventually selected for use in the UK, RWM will need to meet strict environmental safety standards set by the independent UK regulators – Natural Resources Wales (NRW), the Environment Agency (EA) and the Office for Nuclear Responsibility (ONR).
cy-gb	Pa bynnag ddeunydd fydd yn cael ei ddewis ar gyfer cynwysyddion yn y DU yn y pen draw, bydd angen i RWM fodloni safonau diogelwch amgylcheddol llym a fydd yn cael eu gosod gan gyrff rheoleiddio annibynnol yn y DU – Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru, Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd a’r Swyddfa dros Reoli Niwclear.

en-gb	There will be a major impact on the routes where radioactive materials are transported between Sellafield and the GDF.
cy-gb	Bydd effaith fawr ar y llwybrau a ddefnyddir i gludo deunydd ymbelydrol rhwng Sellafield a’r CGD.

en-gb	People on these routes are at greater risk than those living near the GDF
cy-gb	Mae pobl sydd ar y llwybrau hyn yn wynebu mwy o risg na’r rhai sy’n byw yn agos at y CGD.

en-gb	The UK has more than 50 years’ experience of safely transporting radioactive waste and materials by road, rail and sea.
cy-gb	Mae gan y DU dros 50 mlynedd o brofiad o gludo gwastraff a deunydd ymbelydrol yn ddiogel ar y ffyrdd, ar y rheilffyrdd ac ar y môr.

en-gb	Nuclear fuel is transported routinely from fuel fabrication plants to nuclear power stations, and spent nuclear fuel is transported from power stations to Sellafield for reprocessing and storage.
cy-gb	Cludir tanwydd niwclear yn rheolaidd o weithfeydd cynhyrchu tanwydd i orsafoedd pŵer niwclear, a chludir gweddillion tanwydd niwclear o orsafoedd pŵer i Sellafield i gael eu hailbrosesu a’u storio.

en-gb	This transportation is subject to strict controls and is robustly and independently regulated in order to protect people, property and the environment.
cy-gb	Mae rheolau llym ar gyfer y gwaith cludo hwn ac mae’n cael ei reoleiddio’n drylwyr ac yn annibynnol er mwyn diogelu pobl, eiddo a’r amgylchedd.

en-gb	There have been no transport incidents resulting in any significant radiation dose to an individual in connection with the transportation of radioactive waste and materials between UK nuclear facilities.
cy-gb	Nid chafwyd unrhyw achos o ddigwyddiad trafnidiaeth sydd wedi arwain at ddos sylweddol o ymbelydredd i unigolyn sy’n ymwneud â chludo gwastraff a deunydd ymbelydrol rhwng cyfleusterau niwclear yn y DU.

en-gb	Given the lengthy period before a GDF could be operational there should be further exploration of alternatives
cy-gb	Oherwydd y cyfnod hir cyn y gallai CGD fod yn weithredol dylid ymchwilio ymhellach i ddewisiadau eraill.

en-gb	RWM have an ongoing commitment to review developments in the area of alternative radioactive waste management options.
cy-gb	Mae gan RWM ymrwymiad parhaus i adolygu datblygiadau ym maes opsiynau amgen ar gyfer rheoli gwastraff ymbelydrol.

en-gb	The last report  was published in March 2017 and considered the following alternative options:
cy-gb	Cyhoeddwyd yr adroddiad diwethaf  ym mis Mawrth 2017 ac roedd yn ystyried yr opsiynau amgen a ganlyn:

en-gb	https://rwm.nda.gov.uk/publication/geological - disposal - review - of - alternative - radioactive - waste - management options/
cy-gb	https://rwm.nda.gov.uk/publication/geological-disposal-review-of-alternative-radioactive-waste-managementoptions/

en-gb	Long-term Interim Storage Options
cy-gb	Opsiynau Storio Interim Hirdymor

en-gb	Higher Activity Waste Treatment Techniques
cy-gb	Technegau Trin Gwastraff Uwch ei Actifedd

en-gb	Near-surface and Intermediate Depth Disposal
cy-gb	Gwaredu yn Agos i’r Wyneb a Gwaredu Dyfnder Canolradd

en-gb	Deep Borehole Disposal
cy-gb	Gwaredu mewn Tyllau Turio Dwfn

en-gb	The report, like previous reports, concluded that there is currently no alternative, or combination of alternatives, that would completely obviate the need for a GDF.
cy-gb	Roedd yr adroddiad, fel yr adroddiadau blaenorol, yn dod i’r casgliad nad oes dewis amgen ar hyn o bryd, na chyfuniad o ddewisiadau amgen, a fyddai’n dileu’r angen am CGD yn llwyr.

en-gb	Other long-term management options could emerge as practical alternatives to geological disposal for some waste in future.
cy-gb	Gallai opsiynau rheoli hirdymor eraill ddod i’r amlwg fel dewisiadau ymarferol amgen yn lle gwaredu daearegol ar gyfer rhai mathau o wastraff yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	In line with this, the NDA  and RWM  continue to review appropriate solutions including learning from and engaging with overseas programmes, which could have the potential to improve the long-term management of some of the UK’s higher activity radioactive wastes.
cy-gb	Yn unol â hyn, mae’r Awdurdod Datgomisiynu Niwclear  ac RWM  yn dal i adolygu atebion priodol gan gynnwys ymgysylltu â rhaglenni tramor a dysgu ohonynt, yn y gobaith y gellir gwella rheolaeth hirdymor rhywfaint o’r gwastraff ymbelydrol uwch ei actifedd sydd yn y DU.

en-gb	At the moment, no credible alternatives have emerged that would accommodate all of the categories of waste in the inventory for disposal and it is clear that a GDF will remain necessary for some types of higher activity radioactive waste.
cy-gb	Ar hyn o bryd, nid oes dewisiadau amgen credadwy a fyddai’n darparu ar gyfer yr holl gategorïau gwastraff yn y rhestr i’w gwaredu wedi dod i’r amlwg ac mae’n amlwg y bydd angen CGD o hyd ar gyfer rhai mathau o wastraff ymbelydrol uwch ei actifedd.

en-gb	NDA Radioactive waste management strategy: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/nda radioactive - waste - management - strategy
cy-gb	Strategaeth rheoli gwastraff ymbelydrol yr Awdurdod Datgomisiynu Niwclear: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/nda-radioactive-waste-management-strategy

en-gb	Geological Disposal:
cy-gb	Geological Disposal:

en-gb	Review of Alternative Radioactive Waste Management Options:
cy-gb	Review of Alternative Radioactive Waste Management Options:

en-gb	The NDA is also required to review options that have the potential to improve the long-term management of some of the UK’s higher activity waste.
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn ofynnol i’r Awdurdod Datgomisiynu Niwclear adolygu opsiynau sydd â’r potensial i wella rheolaeth hirdymor rhai mathau o wastraff uwch ei actifedd yn y DU.

en-gb	In support of this requirement and Scottish Government Higher Activity Waste Policy, the NDA is exploring in more detail alternative management options for waste at the ILW/LLW boundary, including opportunities for HAW disposal in near-surface facilities.
cy-gb	Er mwyn cefnogi’r gofyniad hwn a Pholisi Gwastraff Uwch ei Actifedd Llywodraeth yr Alban, mae’r Awdurdod Datgomisiynu Niwclear yn edrych yn fanylach ar opsiynau amgen ar gyfer rheoli gwastraff sydd ar y ffin rhwng gwastraff lefel ganolraddol a gwastraff lefel isel, gan gynnwys cyfleoedd i waredu GUA mewn cyfleusterau yn agos i’r wyneb.

en-gb	The Government will consider the NDA’s findings once its work is complete and will assess the implications for the Government’s policy on management of HAW.
cy-gb	Bydd y Llywodraeth yn ystyried canfyddiadau’r Awdurdod Datgomisiynu Niwclear pan fydd y gwaith wedi cael ei gwblhau a bydd yn asesu’r goblygiadau o ran polisi’r Llywodraeth ar reoli GUA.

en-gb	However, it is clear that in any realistic future scenario, some form of GDF will remain necessary.
cy-gb	Mae’n amlwg, fodd bynnag, y bydd angen rhyw fath o CGD o hyd mewn unrhyw senario realistig yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	Clarity was sought as to whether the Welsh Government views the role of the Regulator in the same way that BEIS do as outlined in their consultation paper
cy-gb	Gofynnwyd am eglurder ynglŷn â’r cwestiwn a yw Llywodraeth Cymru yn gweld rôl y Corff Rheoleiddio yr un fath ag y mae BEIS yn ei gweld, fel y mae’n cael ei hamlinellu ym mhapur ymgynghori BEIS.

en-gb	The BEIS consultation states the following under the heading ‘Role of the Regulator’:
cy-gb	Mae ymgynghoriad BEIS yn nodi’r canlynol dan y pennawd ‘Rôl y Rheoleiddwyr’:

en-gb	“The regulators are independent bodies and they will only authorise construction and operation of a geological disposal facility, if the delivery body can demonstrate that it will be safe and secure and that the environment and human health will be protected.
cy-gb	“Mae’r rheoleiddwyr yn gyrff annibynnol ac ni fyddant yn awdurdodi adeiladu a gweithredu cyfleuster gwaredu daearegol oni bai bod y corff cyflawni’n gallu dangos y bydd y cyfleuster yn ddiogel ac y bydd yr amgylchedd yn cael ei warchod.

en-gb	The Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) is responsible for the safety and security regulation of the nuclear sector across Great Britain;
cy-gb	Mae’r Swyddfa dros Reoli Niwclear yn gyfrifol am reoleiddio diogelwch a diogeledd y sector niwclear ledled Prydain;

en-gb	it licenses nuclear sites and holds the licensee to account for their safety and security.
cy-gb	mae’n trwyddedu safleoedd niwclear ac yn dal y trwyddedai i gyfrif am eu diogelwch a’u diogeledd.

en-gb	The Office for Nuclear Regulation also regulates the transport of radioactive materials and plays a key role in ensuring that the UK’s safeguards obligations are met.
cy-gb	Mae’r Swyddfa dros Reoli Niwclear hefyd yn rheoleiddio cludiant deunyddiau ymbelydrol ac yn chwarae rhan allweddol yn y gwaith o sicrhau y cyflawnir rhwymedigaethau’r Deyrnas Unedig o ran mesurau diogelu.

en-gb	The Environment Agency is responsible for implementing and enforcing environmental protection legislation in England, regulating radioactive and non-radioactive discharges to air and water and disposal of solid waste to land.”
cy-gb	Mae Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd yn gyfrifol am weithredu a gorfodi deddfwriaeth diogelu’r amgylchedd yn Lloegr, gan reoleiddio gollyngiadau ymbelydrol a rhai nad ydynt yn ymbelydrol i’r aer a dŵr a gwaredu gwastraff solid i dir.”

en-gb	The Welsh Government confirms that it fully supports the text above.
cy-gb	Mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn cadarnhau ei bod yn cefnogi’r testun uchod yn gyfan gwbl.

en-gb	In Wales the regulator for environmental protection is Natural Resources Wales.
cy-gb	Y corff rheoleiddio ar gyfer diogelu’r amgylchedd yng Nghymru yw Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru.

en-gb	ONR has the same regulatory functions in Wales as it does in England.
cy-gb	Mae gan y Swyddfa dros Reoli Niwclear yr un swyddogaethau rheoleiddio yng Nghymru ag sydd ganddi yn Lloegr.

en-gb	Annex 1
cy-gb	Atodiad 1

en-gb	List of Consultation Questions
cy-gb	Rhestr o Gwestiynau’r Ymgynghoriad

en-gb	Q1(a).
cy-gb	C1(a).

en-gb	Q1(b)  Do you agree with the proposals for an independent chair and independent facilitators and evaluators to help with the formative engagement activities?
cy-gb	C1(b)  Ydych chi’n cytuno â’r cynigion ar gyfer cadeirydd annibynnol a hwyluswyr a gwerthuswyr annibynnol i helpu gyda’r gweithgareddau ymgysylltu ffurfiannol?

en-gb	Q1(c) Do you agree with the proposed membership of the formative engagement team?
cy-gb	C1(c) Ydych chi’n cytuno â’r aelodaeth arfaethedig o’r tîm ymgysylltu ffurfiannol?

en-gb	Q2  Do you agree with the proposed approach for defining an Search Area?
cy-gb	C2  A ydych chi’n cytuno â’r dull arfaethedig o ddiffinio Ardal Chwilio?

en-gb	Q3  Do you agree with the proposed approach to forming a Community Partnership that is supported by a Community Stakeholder Forum?
cy-gb	C3  Ydych chi’n cytuno â’r dull arfaethedig o ffurfio Partneriaeth Gymunedol sy’n cael ei chynorthwyo gan Fforwm Rhanddeiliaid Cymunedol?

en-gb	Q4  Do you consider the process outlined in paragraphs 100 – 102 and detailed elsewhere in the consultation paper provides a suitably defined role for relevant local authorities in the siting process?
cy-gb	C4  Ydych chi’n ystyried bod y broses a nodir uchod ac a gaiff ei hamlinellu ym mharagraffau 100 – 102 ac mewn rhannau eraill o’r papur ymgynghori yn cynnig swyddogaeth sydd wedi’i diffinio’n addas i awdurdodau lleol perthnasol yn y broses leoli?

en-gb	Q5  Do you agree that, in Wales, the community council area or group of community council areas should be the basis for identifying a potential host community?
cy-gb	C5  Ydych chi’n cytuno mai ardal cyngor cymuned neu grŵp o ardaloedd cyngor cymuned, yng Nghymru, ddylai fod yn sail i nodi cymuned a allai gynnig lleoliad?

en-gb	Q6  Do you agree with the proposed approach to the way community investment funding would be provided?
cy-gb	C6  Ydych chi’n cytuno â’r dull arfaethedig o ddarparu cyllid buddsoddi cymunedol?

en-gb	Q7  Do you agree with the proposed arrangements for managing community investment funding?
cy-gb	C7  Ydych chi’n cytuno â’r trefniadau arfaethedig ar gyfer rheoli cyllid buddsoddi cymunedol?

en-gb	Q8  Should the arrangements to provide communities with access to third party expert views, outlined in the UK Government and the Northern Ireland administration jointly issued 2014 White Paper and discussed above, be extended to include communities in Wales?
cy-gb	C8  A ddylai’r trefniadau i alluogi cymunedau i gael barn arbenigol trydydd parti, a nodir ym Mhapur Gwyn 2014 a gyhoeddwyd ar y cyd rhwng Llywodraeth y DU a gweinyddiaeth Gogledd Iwerddon, ac a drafodwyd uchod, gael eu hymestyn i gynnwys cymunedau yng Nghymru?

en-gb	Q9  Is it appropriate for the Community Partnership to decide whether to exercise the right of withdrawal and put the question to the community?
cy-gb	C9  A yw’n briodol i’r Bartneriaeth Gymunedol benderfynu a ddylid arfer yr hawl i dynnu’n ôl a gofyn y cwestiwn i’r gymuned?

en-gb	Q10  A Test of Public Support must take place in the potential host community before a GDF can be developed.
cy-gb	C10  Rhaid i Brawf o Gefnogaeth y Cyhoedd gael ei gynnal yn y gymuned a allai gynnig lleoliad cyn y gellir datblygu CGD.

en-gb	Q11  Do you have any other views on the matters presented in this consultation?
cy-gb	C11  A oes gennych unrhyw farn arall am y materion sy’n cael eu cyflwyno yn yr ymgynghoriad hwn?

en-gb	Draft Curriculum for Wales 2022:
cy-gb	Draft Curriculum for Wales 2022:

en-gb	Science and Technology 01
cy-gb	Science and Technology 01

en-gb	Contents Draft Curriculum for Wales 2022: Science and Technology 02
cy-gb	Cynnwys Cwr D ic r w a l f w t C m u D rr r ic a u ff l t u i m G f y o m r r W u a 2 l 0 e 2 s 2 2 : 0 G 2 w 2: y S d c d i o e n n i c a e et a h n a d T T h e e ch ch n n o o lo le g g y 02

en-gb	Introduction to the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience 03
cy-gb	Cyﬂwyniad i Faes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg 03 

en-gb	What Matters in Science and Technology
cy-gb	Yr Hyn sy’n Bwysig mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg

en-gb	Being curious and searching for answers helps further our understanding of the natural world and helps society progress.
cy-gb	Bod yn chwilfrydig a chwilio am atebion yn helpu i wella ein dealltwriaeth o’r byd naturiol ac yn hwyluso cynnydd cymdeithas.

en-gb	Design thinking and engineering are technical and creative endeavours intended to meet society’s needs and wants.
cy-gb	Mae meddylfryd dylunio a pheirianneg yn ymdrechion technegol a chreadigol, a’u bwriad yw diwallu anghenion a dymuniadau cymdeithas.

en-gb	28
cy-gb	30

en-gb	Understanding the atomic nature of matter and how it shapes the world.
cy-gb	45 Deall natur atomig mater a’r modd y mae’n llywio’r byd.

en-gb	51 Forces and energy determine the structure and dynamics of the universe.
cy-gb	54 Mae grymoedd ac egni yn pennu strwythur a deinamig y bydysawd.

en-gb	Glossary 85
cy-gb	Geirfa 91

en-gb	INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AREA OF LEARNING AND EXPERIENCE
cy-gb	CYFLWYNIAD I FAES DYSGU A PHROFIAD GWYDDONIAETH A THECHNOLEG

en-gb	Science and Technology draws on the disciplines of biology, chemistry, computer science, design and technology, and physics to enhance our knowledge and understanding of the world.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn dwyn ynghyd feysydd bioleg, cemeg, cyfriﬁadureg, dylunio a thechnoleg, a fﬁseg, a hynny er mwyn cyfoethogi ein gwybodaeth a’n dealltwriaeth o’r byd.

en-gb	Developments in both Science and Technology have always been drivers of change in society, underpinning innovation and impacting on everyone’s lives, materially, economically and culturally.
cy-gb	Bu datblygiadau mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn sbardun i newidiadau mewn cymdeithas erioed, gan arwain at arloesi sydd wedi dylanwadu ar fywydau pawb, yn faterol, yn economaidd ac yn ddiwylliannol.

en-gb	As such, this area of learning and experience will be consistently relevant in the opportunities young people encounter and the life choices that they make.
cy-gb	Yn hyn o beth, bydd y maes dysgu a phroﬁad hwn yn gyson berthnasol yn y cyﬂeoedd a ddaw i ran pobl ifanc ac yn y dewisiadau bywyd a wnânt.

en-gb	The importance of scientiﬁc and technological literacy in our modern world cannot be understated.
cy-gb	Ni ellir gorbwysleisio pwysigrwydd llythrennedd gwyddonol a thechnolegol yn ein byd modern.

en-gb	It is not sufﬁcient that learners can simply ‘do’ Science and Technology.
cy-gb	Nid yw’n ddigon i ddysgwyr allu ‘gwneud’ Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	Ready access to vast amounts of information requires all learners to be able to assess inputs critically, understand the basis of information presented as fact, and make informed judgements that impact their own behaviours and values.
cy-gb	Mae mynediad parod i symiau sylweddol o wybodaeth yn golygu bod angen i bob dysgwr allu asesu mewnbynnau mewn ffordd feirniadol, deall sail yr wybodaeth a gyﬂwynir fel ffaith, ac i ddod at farn wybodus sy’n effeithio ar eu hymddygiad a’u gwerthoedd.

en-gb	They need to develop the ability to meaningfully ask the question, ‘Just because we can, does that mean we should?’.
cy-gb	Mae angen iddynt feithrin y gallu i ofyn y cwestiwn ‘A yw’r ffaith ein bod ni’n gallu yn golygu y dylwn ni?’.

en-gb	The proposal is that funded non-maintained settings and schools will be required to provide a broad and balanced curriculum that meets the four purposes of the curriculum, and comprises the six areas of learning and experience.
cy-gb	Y cynnig yw y bydd gofyn i leoliadau a ariennir nas cynhelir ac ysgolion ddarparu cwricwlwm eang a chytbwys sy’n bodloni pedwar diben y cwricwlwm ac sy’n cynnwys y chwe maes dysgu a phroﬁad.

en-gb	There will be statutory duties to teach Welsh, English, religious education, relationships and sexuality education, and the three cross-curricular responsibilities of literacy, numeracy and digital competence.
cy-gb	Bydd dysgu Cymraeg, Saesneg, addysg grefyddol, addysg cydberthynas a rhywioldeb, a’r tri chyfrifoldeb trawsgwricwlaidd, sef llythrennedd, rhifedd a chymhwysedd digidol, i gyd yn ddyletswyddau statudol.

en-gb	Further information on how the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience can support this is provided in the ‘Developing a broad and balanced curriculum’ section of this document.
cy-gb	Mae rhagor o wybodaeth ar sut y gall Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg gefnogi hyn yn adran ‘Datblygu cwricwlwm eang a chytbwys’ o’r ddogfen hon.

en-gb	This statutory guidance for the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience, which forms part of the wider Curriculum for Wales 2022 statutory guidance, is intended to provide a national framework that funded non-maintained settings and schools can build on to develop their own curriculum.
cy-gb	Nod y canllawiau statudol hyn ar gyfer Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, sy’n rhan o’r canllawiau statudol ehangach ar gyfer Cwricwlwm i Gymru 2022, yw rhoi fframwaith cenedlaethol y gall lleoliadau a ariennir nas cynhelir ac ysgolion ei ddefnyddio i ddatblygu eu cwricwlwm eu hunain.

en-gb	• the broad expectations for learners for the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience at each progression step.
cy-gb	• y disgwyliadau eang ar gyfer dysgwyr ar bob cam cynnydd ym Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	Science and Technology uses prediction, testing and questioning to develop theories and innovations that increase our understanding of both our physical and digital worlds and that aim to improve our lives.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn defnyddio dulliau rhagfynegi, proﬁ a chwestiynu i ddatblygu damcaniaethau a newidiadau arloesol sy’n gwella ein dealltwriaeth o’n byd fﬁsegol a’n byd digidol, ac yn anelu at wella ein bywydau.

en-gb	Ambitious, capable learners, ready to learn throughout their lives understand that if repeatable observations, prototypes or experimental results do not support an idea, the idea should be rejected or modiﬁed and tested again.
cy-gb	Mae dysgwyr uchelgeisiol, galluog sy’n barod i ddysgu drwy gydol eu hoes yn deall, os nad yw arsylwadau, prototeipiau neu ganlyniadau arbrofol y gellir eu hailadrodd yn cefnogi syniad, y dylai’r syniad gael ei wrthod neu ei addasu a’i roi ar brawf unwaith eto.

en-gb	Learners who are enterprising, creative contributors, ready to play a full part in life and work embrace such challenges, as they are encouraged to take risks, to innovate and evaluate, and learn to develop solutions.
cy-gb	Mae dysgwyr sy’n gyfranwyr mentrus, creadigol sy’n barod i chwarae eu rhan yn llawn yn eu bywyd a’u gwaith yn croesawu heriau o’r fath, oherwydd cânt eu hannog i gymryd risg, i arloesi a gwerthuso, a dysgu sut i daro ar atebion.

en-gb	Thus, they can become more resilient and purposeful learners across all areas of learning and experience.
cy-gb	Felly, gallant ddod yn ddysgwyr mwy gwydn a phwrpasol ar draws yr holl feysydd dysgu a phroﬁad.

en-gb	Through robust and consistent evaluation of scientiﬁc and technological evidence, learners are then supported to become ethical, informed citizens of Wales and the world , who will be able to make informed decisions about future actions. 
cy-gb	Drwy werthuso tystiolaeth wyddonol a thechnolegol mewn ffordd gadarn a chyson, caiff dysgwyr eu cefnogi yn y broses o ddod yn ddinasyddion egwyddorol, gwybodus Cymru a’r byd , a fydd yn abl i wneud penderfyniadau gwybodus am eu gweithredoedd yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	Healthy, conﬁdent individuals, ready to lead fulﬁlling lives as valued members of society are also informed by knowledge of their bodies and the ecosystems around them, and of how technological innovations can support improvements in health and lifestyle.
cy-gb	Caiff unigolion iach, hyderus sy’n barod i fyw bywyd gan wireddu eu dyheadau fel aelodau gwerthfawr o gymdeithas eu llywio gan wybodaeth am eu corff a’r ecosystemau o’u hamgylch, ac am sut y gall datblygiadau technolegol arloesol gefnogi gwelliannau mewn perthynas ag iechyd a ffordd o fyw.

en-gb	Indeed it is hoped that the knowledge and deep understanding gained through experiencing What Matters in Science and Technology will help them live independent and fulﬁlling lives that see them contributing to society in a variety of ways.
cy-gb	Yn wir, y gobaith yw y bydd yr wybodaeth a’r ddealltwriaeth ddofn a ddaw yn sgil proﬁ’r Hyn sy’n Bwysig mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn eu helpu i fyw bywydau annibynnol a llawn, ac i gyfrannu at gymdeithas mewn amryw ffyrdd.

en-gb	Science and Technology 06
cy-gb	Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg 06

en-gb	WHAT MATTERS STATEMENTS FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
cy-gb	DATGANIADAU O’R HYN SY’N BWYSIG MEWN GWYDDONIAETH A THECHNOLEG

en-gb	Curiosity about Science and Technology leads us to ask questions about the world around us.
cy-gb	Mae chwilfrydedd am Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn ein hannog i ofyn cwestiynau am y byd o’n cwmpas.

en-gb	Using logic, imagination and creativity, we can apply scientiﬁc knowledge to further our understanding of how that world works.
cy-gb	Gan ddefnyddio rhesymeg, dychymyg a chreadigrwydd, gallwn gymhwyso gwybodaeth wyddonol er mwyn gwella ein dealltwriaeth o sut mae’r byd yn gweithio.

en-gb	We can develop and test useful models to help us make sense of its complexity.
cy-gb	Gallwn ddatblygu a phroﬁ modelau defnyddiol i’n helpu i wneud synnwyr o’n byd cymhleth.

en-gb	With evidence derived from observations new theories can be developed, and existing ideas may be reﬁned or challenged.
cy-gb	Gyda thystiolaeth arsylwadau gellir datblygu damcaniaethau newydd, a gellir mireinio neu herio syniadau sy’n bodoli eisoes.

en-gb	We need to be able to evaluate scientiﬁc claims to help us make informed decisions that affect our world and well-being.
cy-gb	Mae angen i ni allu gwerthuso honiadau gwyddonol i’n helpu i wneud penderfyniadau gwybodus sy’n effeithio ar ein byd ac ar ein lles.

en-gb	The choices we make depend on many factors, including our moral viewpoints and personal beliefs.
cy-gb	Mae’r dewisiadau a wnawn yn dibynnu ar lawer o ffactorau, gan gynnwys ein safbwyntiau moesegol a’n credoau personol.

en-gb	However, rigorous and robust evidence-based research provides us with a solid foundation on which to base our decisions.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae gwaith ymchwil trylwyr a chadarn, ac sy’n seiliedig ar dystiolaeth, yn cynnig sylfaen gadarn ar gyfer ein penderfyniadau.

en-gb	As ethically informed citizens we need to consider the impact of our actions and technological developments on Wales and the wider world, asking ‘Just because we can, does that mean we should?’.
cy-gb	Fel dinasyddion egwyddorol a gwybodus mae angen i ni ystyried effaith ein gweithredoedd a datblygiadau technolegol ar Gymru a’r byd ehangach, gan ofyn ‘A yw’r ffaith ein bod ni’n gallu yn golygu y dylwn ni?’.

en-gb	Design thinking and engineering are technical and creative endeavours intended to meet society’s needs and wants.
cy-gb	Mae meddylfryd dylunio a pheirianneg yn ymdrechion technegol a chreadigol,a’u bwriad yw diwallu anghenion a dymuniadau cymdeithas.

en-gb	In Science and Technology, learners use experiences and apply their skills and knowledge to design and shape innovative engineered solutions.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, mae dysgwyr yn defnyddio eu proﬁadau ac yn cymhwyso eu sgiliau a’u gwybodaeth er mwyn dylunio a llunio datrysiadau peirianyddol arloesol.

en-gb	As part of a user-centred design process, we develop ideas, manage and mitigate risks, and minimise complexities.
cy-gb	Fel rhan o broses ddylunio sy’n canolbwyntio ar y defnyddiwr, rydym yn datblygu syniadau, yn rheoli ac yn lliniaru risg, ac yn lleihau cymhlethdodau cymaint â phosibl.

en-gb	When we engineer products, services and systems, we need to understand and control the interactions between materials, components, structures and users.
cy-gb	Wrth greu cynhyrchion, gwasanaethau a systemau, mae angen i ni ddeall a rheoli’r rhyngweithio rhwng defnyddiau, cydrannau, strwythurau a defnyddwyr.

en-gb	The application of engineering processes allows learners to develop accuracy, precision, dexterity and craftsmanship.
cy-gb	Drwy gymhwyso prosesau peirianyddol, mae dysgwyr yn cael cyﬂe i ddatblygu cywirdeb, manylder, deheurwydd a chrefftwriaeth.

en-gb	By designing and engineering outcomes in response to needs, wants or difﬁculties, learners become enterprising problem-solvers who are well placed to contribute to society.
cy-gb	Drwy ddylunio a chreu canlyniadau mewn ymateb i anghenion, dymuniadau neu broblemau, mae dysgwyr yn dod yn ddatryswyr problem blaengar sydd mewn sefyllfa dda i gyfrannu at gymdeithas.

en-gb	In Science and Technology, we recognise that living things are diverse, interacting with their environment and evolving over generations.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, rydym yn adnabod bod pethau byw yn amrywiol, yn rhyngweithio â’u hamgylchedd ac yn esblygu dros genedlaethau.

en-gb	All living things require speciﬁc conditions and resources to survive and they may have to compete with other organisms to do so.
cy-gb	Mae angen amodau ac adnoddau penodol ar bob peth byw er mwyn goroesi, a gall fod yn rhaid iddynt gystadlu ag organebau eraill er mwyn gwneud hynny.

en-gb	Humans form part of the living world and our decisions and actions, along with natural selection, can have a signiﬁcant impact on the diversity of life.
cy-gb	Mae pobl hefyd yn rhan o’r byd hwn o bethau byw, a gall ein penderfyniadau a’n gweithredoedd, ynghyd â’r broses ddetholiad naturiol, gael effaith sylweddol ar amrywiaeth bywyd.

en-gb	Knowing about the structures and functions of living things enables us to understand how they grow, develop and reproduce successfully.
cy-gb	Mae gwybod am strwythurau a swyddogaethau pethau byw yn ein galluogi i ddeall sut maent yn tyfu, datblygu ac atgenhedlu’n llwyddiannus.

en-gb	Developing an understanding of harmful factors in our environment allows us to make informed decisions, including about seeking prevention and treatments for diseases.
cy-gb	Mae datblygu dealltwriaeth o ffactorau niweidiol yn ein hamgylchedd yn caniatáu i ni wneud penderfyniadau gwybodus, gan gynnwys chwilio am ffyrdd o atal a thrin clefydau.

en-gb	Understanding the atomic nature of matter and how it shapes the world.
cy-gb	Deall natur atomig mater a’r modd y mae’n llywio’r byd.

en-gb	In Science and Technology, understanding matter and its properties enables us to recognise the role that chemistry plays in the world around us.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, mae deall mater a’i briodweddau yn ein galluogi ni i gydnabod y rôl y mae cemeg yn ei chwarae yn y byd o’n cwmpas.

en-gb	Similarly, being able to separate, identify and manipulate substances helps us to better understand both what our world and our bodies are made of.
cy-gb	Yn yr un modd, mae gallu gwahanu, adnabod a thrin sylweddau yn ein galluogi i ddeall cyfansoddiad ein byd, a’n cyrff ein hunain, yn well.

en-gb	As we then develop a deeper understanding of matter and its properties, we can design and create new substances and materials that can enrich our lives.
cy-gb	Wrth i ni wedyn ddatblygu dealltwriaeth ddyfnach o fater a’i briodweddau, gallwn ddylunio a chreu sylweddau a defnyddiau newydd sy’n cyfoethogi ein bywydau.

en-gb	This activity is particularly relevant in Wales, where it has had signiﬁcant industrial application and where innovation continues.
cy-gb	Dyma weithgarwch sy’n arbennig o berthnasol yng Nghymru, lle bu cymhwyso diwydiannol sylweddol ar hyn ac lle mae arloesi’n parhau.

en-gb	Forces and energy determine the structure and dynamics of the universe.
cy-gb	Mae grymoedd ac egni yn pennu strwythur a deinamig y bydysawd.

en-gb	In Science and Technology, forces and energy can be used to describe the behaviour of everything from the smallest building blocks of matter to the motion of stars and planets.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, gellir defnyddio grymoedd ac egni er mwyn disgriﬁo ymddygiad popeth, o ﬂociau adeiladu lleiaf mater i fudiant sêr a phlanedau.

en-gb	Understanding forces and energy helps us to predict and control the behaviour of our surroundings.
cy-gb	Mae deall grymoedd ac egni yn ein helpu i ragfynegi a rheoli ymddygiad ein hamgylchedd.

en-gb	These ideas can be modelled and expressed formally, providing a consistent mathematical framework to describe physical systems.
cy-gb	Gellir modelu’r syniadau hyn a’u mynegi’n ffurﬁol, gan ddarparu fframwaith mathemategol cyson ar gyfer disgriﬁo systemau fﬁsegol.

en-gb	This has enabled some of society’s greatest scientiﬁc breakthroughs and engineering achievements.
cy-gb	Mae hyn wedi arwain at rai o ddarganfyddiadau gwyddonol a chyﬂawniadau peirianyddol mwyaf cymdeithas.

en-gb	As responsible citizens of Wales and the world, an understanding of forces and energy will help us overcome future challenges and use our planet’s resources efﬁciently.
cy-gb	Fel dinasyddion cyfrifol yng Nghymru a’r byd, bydd dealltwriaeth o rymoedd ac egni yn ein helpu i ddod i ben â’r heriau yn y dyfodol ac i ddefnyddio adnoddau ein planed yn effeithlon.

en-gb	Computation applies algorithms to data in order to solve real-world problems.
cy-gb	Mae cyfriﬁant yn cymhwyso algorithmau at ddata er mwyn datrys problemau go iawn.

en-gb	In Science and Technology, we recognise that computational processes have changed the way people interact with one another and their environment, as well as how humans organise their work, their communities, and their lives.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, mae prosesau cyfriﬁannol wedi newid y ffordd y mae pobl yn rhyngweithio â’i gilydd a’u hamgylchedd, yn ogystal â sut mae pobl yn rhoi trefn ar eu gwaith, eu cymunedau a’u bywydau.

en-gb	Society, in turn, has inﬂuenced the development of computation as people’s needs for processing information have changed.
cy-gb	Mae cymdeithas, yn ei thro, wedi dylanwadu ar y broses o ddatblygu cyfriﬁant a hynny oherwydd y newidiadau yn anghenion pobl o ran prosesu gwybodaeth.

en-gb	Through these computational processes, the world has been enriched and technological development has accelerated, and seems set to continue doing so.
cy-gb	Drwy’r prosesau cyfriﬁannol hyn, mae’r byd wedi cael ei gyfoethogi ac mae datblygiad technolegol wedi cyﬂymu ac mae’n debygol o barhau i wneud hynny.

en-gb	In order to use and create these technologies to their full potential, learners need to know how they work.
cy-gb	Er mwyn defnyddio a chreu’r technolegau hyn i’w llawn botensial, mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod sut maent yn gweithio.

en-gb	Developing creative algorithmic and computational approaches can solve challenging real-world problems.
cy-gb	Gall datblygu dulliau gweithredu algorithmig a chyfriﬁannol creadigol ddatrys problemau heriol yn y byd go iawn.

en-gb	However, we must be conscious that there are limits to what computers can achieve.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae’n rhaid i ni fod yn ymwybodol bod cyfyngiadau i’r hyn y gall cyfriﬁaduron ei gyﬂawni.

en-gb	Understanding that there are also wider legal, social and ethical consequences of how technology is used enables learners to make informed decisions about the application of computational technologies.
cy-gb	Mae deall bod canlyniadau cyfreithiol, cymdeithasol a moesegol ehangach hefyd i’r ffordd y caiff technoleg ei defnyddio yn galluogi dysgwyr i wneud penderfyniadau gwybodus am gymhwyso technolegau cyfriﬁannol.

en-gb	Relationships between what matters statements in Science and Technology
cy-gb	Y berthynas rhwng y datganiadau o’r hyn sy’n bwysig mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg

en-gb	The six what matters statements capture the key aspects of learning for Science and Technology.
cy-gb	Y mae’r chwe datganiad o’r hyn sy’n bwysig yn nodi agweddau allweddol ar gyfer dysgu mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	They are designed to operate together, and support settings and schools to develop a more detailed and holistic curriculum for learning and teaching.
cy-gb	Fe’u cynlluniwyd i’w gweithredu ar y cyd, ac i helpu lleoliadau ac ysgolion i ddatblygu cwricwlwm mwy manwl a holistaidd ar gyfer dysgu ac addysgu.

en-gb	What matters statements within this area of learning and experience do not align exactly with traditional subject areas.
cy-gb	Nid yw’r datganiadau o’r hyn sy’n bwysig mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn cyfateb yn unioni’r meysydd pwnc traddodiadol.

en-gb	However, aspects of the traditional Science and Technology subjects can be identiﬁed throughout.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, gellir nodi agweddau ar y pynciau Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg traddodiadol drwy gydol y maes dysgu a phroﬁad hwn.

en-gb	What also comes to the fore are the links between these aspects of what matters in Science and Technology.
cy-gb	Beth ddaw i’r amlwg hefyd yw’r cysylltiadau rhwng yr hyn sy’n bwysig mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	For example, the discovery of new knowledge, as well as validation of existing knowledge using scientiﬁc and technological reasoning, connects what matters statements throughout the area of learning and experience.
cy-gb	Er enghraifft, mae darganfod gwybodaeth newydd, yn ogystal â dilysu gwybodaeth ﬂaenorol gan ddefnyddio dulliau rhesymu gwyddonol a thechnolegol, yn cysylltu’r datganiadau o’r hyn sy’n bwysig drwy gydol y maes dysgu a phroﬁad.

en-gb	Similarly, energy is a core concept across all the disciplines.
cy-gb	Yn yr un modd, mae egni yn gysyniad creiddiol ar draws yr holl ddisgyblaethau.

en-gb	The ﬁrst of the six what matters statements for Science and Technology embraces using evidence derived in different ways in order to question ideas, form opinions and deepen scientiﬁc and technological understanding, while also highlighting the impact of Science and Technology.
cy-gb	Mae’r datganiad cyntaf o’r hyn sy’n bwysig mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn cwmpasu defnydd o dystiolaeth, a gesglir mewn gwahanol ffyrdd, er mwyn cwestiynu syniadau, llunio barnau a dyfnhau dealltwriaeth wyddonol a thechnolegol, gan amlygu hefyd ddylanwad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	The design and engineering what matters statement champions the technical and creative experiences, skills and knowledge needed to design and shape engineered solutions.
cy-gb	Mae’r datganiad o’r hyn sy’n bwysig sy’n ymwneud â dylunio a pheirianneg yn pledio achos y proﬁadau, y sgiliau a’r wybodaeth dechnegol a chreadigol sydd eu hangen i ddylunio a llywio datrysiadau peirianyddol.

en-gb	Living things and the study of organisms and how they compete to survive is central to the third aspect of this area of learning and experience.
cy-gb	Pethau byw a’r broses o astudio organebau a sut y maent yn cystadlu er mwyn goroesi yw’r hyn sy’n ganolog i’r trydydd datganiad o’r hyn sy’n bwysig.

en-gb	The fourth then urges learners to discover more about the nature of matter, and what things are made of, and how they behave and interact.
cy-gb	Mae’r pedwerydd wedyn yn annog dysgwyr i ddarganfod mwy am natur mater a chyfansoddiad pethau, a sut maent yn ymddwyn ac yn rhyngweithio.

en-gb	The relationship between forces and energy and how it impacts on us is set out in the ﬁfth what matters.
cy-gb	Mae’r berthynas rhwng grymoedd ac egni a sut mae’n effeithio arnom yn dod i’r amlwg yn y pumed datganiad o’r hyn sy’n bwysig.

en-gb	The ﬁnal statement introduces a new curriculum focus, one which addresses how computation can be applied to solve problems across Science and Technology.
cy-gb	Mae’r datganiad olaf yn cyﬂwyno agwedd newydd i’r cwricwlwm, un sy’n mynd i’r afael â sut y gellir cymhwyso cyfriﬁant er mwyn datrys problemau ym mhob rhan o Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	Learner progression in Science and Technology is developed through experiencing and building knowledge in a range of related ideas, concepts and principles, while embedding practical and wider skills to deﬁne a problem, explore ideas, produce solutions and justify choices.
cy-gb	Caiff cynnydd dysgwr mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg ei ddatblygu drwy gael proﬁadau a datblygu gwybodaeth mewn perthynas ag amrywiaeth o syniadau, cysyniadau ac egwyddorion cysylltiedig, gan ymgorffori sgiliau ymarferol ac ehangach i ddifﬁnio problemau, archwilio syniadau, llunio atebion a chyﬁawnhau dewisiadau.

en-gb	The ‘Principles of progression’ used in the development of achievement outcomes in this area of learning and experience are contained within the ‘Learning’ section under each what matters statement.
cy-gb	Mae’r ‘Egwyddorion cynnydd’ a ddefnyddiwyd wrth ddatblygu deilliannau cyﬂawniad yn y maes dysgu a phroﬁad hwn i’w gweld yn yr adran ‘Dysgu’ ym mhob un o’r datganiadau o’r hyn sy’n bwysig.

en-gb	Starting from a more immediate sense of the world, learners develop the ability to consider others and the wider world.
cy-gb	Gan ddechrau ag ymdeimlad mwy uniongyrchol o’r byd, mae dysgwyr yn meithrin y gallu i ystyried eraill a’r byd ehangach.

en-gb	Learners move from describing ideas to being able to explain them, and their analysis and description move from qualitative to quantitative.
cy-gb	Mae dysgwyr yn symud ymlaen o ddisgriﬁo syniadau i allu eu hegluro, ac mae eu gwaith dadansoddi a disgriﬁo yn datblygu o’r ansoddol i’r meintiol.

en-gb	In their progression, learners begin by recognising single factors before developing the ability to consider multiple factors.
cy-gb	Wrth wneud cynnydd, mae dysgwyr yn dechrau drwy adnabod ffactorau unigol cyn meithrin y gallu i ystyried ffactorau lluosog.

en-gb	Their development of simple skills through imitation and manipulation matures into more elaborate skills that enable perfecting and articulating.
cy-gb	Mae eu sgiliau syml a feithrinir drwy ddynwared a thrin a thrafod yn aeddfedu’n sgiliau mwy cymhleth sy’n eu galluogi i berffeithio ac egluro.

en-gb	While progression in this area of learning and experience is similar across the disciplines, there are key differences between how a learner might progress in the sciences as opposed to design.
cy-gb	Er bod cynnydd yn y maes dysgu a phroﬁad hwn yn debyg ar draws y disgyblaethau, mae yna wahaniaethau allweddol rhwng y ffordd y gallai dysgwr wneud cynnydd yn y gwyddorau o gymharu â dylunio.

en-gb	Progression for most of the area of learning and experience may be represented through either the physical or the intellectual.
cy-gb	Gellir cynrychioli cynnydd ar gyfer y rhan fwyaf o’r maes dysgu a phroﬁad drwy naill ai ddeilliant fﬁsegol neu ddeallusol.

en-gb	However, for design and engineering this is not necessarily the case, as the outcome will most often be physical.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, nid yw hyn o reidrwydd yn wir yn achos dylunio a pheirianneg, gan y bydd y deilliant fel arfer yn un fﬁsegol.

en-gb	Thinking often moves from concrete ideas to an abstract understanding within science and computation, while in design and engineering learners can progress from more abstract ideas to concrete outputs.
cy-gb	Yn achos gwyddoniaeth a chyfriﬁant, mae’r meddylfryd fel arfer yn symud o syniadau diriaethol i ddealltwriaeth haniaethol, ond yn achos dylunio a pheirianneg, mae dysgwyr yn gallu symud o syniadau mwy haniaethol i allbynnau diriaethol.

en-gb	The cross-curricular responsibilities of literacy, numeracy and digital competence support almost all learning and are essential for learners to be able to participate successfully and conﬁdently in the modern world.
cy-gb	Mae cyfrifoldebau trawsgwricwlaidd llythrennedd, rhifedd a chymhwysedd digidol yn cefnogi bron yr holl ddysgu ac maent yn hanfodol er mwyn i ddysgwyr allu cymryd rhan yn llwyddiannus ac yn hyderus yn y byd modern.

en-gb	Science and Technology provides learners with a wide range of opportunities to develop their literacy skills.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn cynnig ystod eang o gyﬂeoedd i ddysgwyr feithrin eu sgiliau llythrennedd.

en-gb	Learners need every opportunity to explain their thinking, explore and discuss ideas, and use their literacy skills appropriately in order to communicate their ideas.
cy-gb	Mae angen pob cyﬂe ar ddysgwyr i egluro eu meddylfryd, archwilio a thrafod syniadau, a defnyddio eu sgiliau llythrennedd yn briodol er mwyn cyﬂeu eu syniadau.

en-gb	They will describe and justify their understanding with increasing complexity.
cy-gb	Byddant yn disgriﬁo ac yn cyﬁawnhau eu dealltwriaeth gan ddangos dyfnder cynyddol.

en-gb	Oracy, whether as group discussions or debates, will support learners’ writing and give them a voice into their writing, particularly where they are challenged by difﬁcult concepts.
cy-gb	Bydd llafaredd, boed hynny ar ffurf dadleuon neu drafodaethau grŵp, yn ategu sgiliau ysgrifennu dysgwyr ac yn rhoi llais iddynt wrth ysgrifennu, yn enwedig pan fyddant yn cael eu herio gan gysyniadau anodd.

en-gb	They need opportunities to ‘think aloud’; listening, discussing and exploring ideas with each other.
cy-gb	Mae angen iddynt gael cyﬂeoedd i ‘feddwl yn uchel’, gan wrando, trafod ac archwilio syniadau gyda’i gilydd. 

en-gb	Science and Technology is rich in specialised words, many of which have both everyday as well as technical deﬁnitions.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn gyfoethog o ran geiriau arbenigol, y mae i lawer ohonynt ddifﬁniadau pob-dydd yn ogystal â rhai technegol.

en-gb	Improving learners’ spelling, range of technical vocabulary and understanding of the origin of terms, improves their understanding of Science and Technology.
cy-gb	Mae gwella sillafu a geirfa dechnegol dysgwyr, yn ogystal â’u dealltwriaeth o darddiad termau, yn gwella eu dealltwriaeth o Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	Using specialised vocabulary will also develop both writing and a range of reading techniques, such as close reading, skimming and scanning, through access to a range of specialised texts which will deepen understanding and stimulate active discussions.
cy-gb	Bydd defnyddio geirfa arbenigol hefyd yn meithrin sgiliau ysgrifennu, yn ogystal ag amrywiaeth o dechnegau darllen, megis darllen yn agos, cip ddarllen (sgimio) a llithr ddarllen (sganio), a hynny drwy astudio amrywiaeth o destunau arbenigol a fydd yn dyfnhau dealltwriaeth ac yn ysgogi trafodaethau gweithredol.

en-gb	Learners can reinforce their numeracy skills and apply mathematical knowledge within Science and Technology in a variety of ways.
cy-gb	Gall dysgwyr atgyfnerthu eu sgiliau rhifedd a chymhwyso gwybodaeth fathemategol o fewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg mewn amrywiaeth o ffyrdd.

en-gb	Science and Technology offers opportunities for learners to engage in a wide range of collaborative investigative tasks.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn cynnig cyﬂeoedd i ddysgwyr gymryd rhan mewn ystod eang o dasgau ymchwilio cydweithredol. 

en-gb	Both within and beyond the classroom they can learn to design, create, measure, interpret data, make deductions and draw conclusions, based on evidence.
cy-gb	Yn yr ystafell ddosbarth a thu hwnt gallant ddysgu sut i ddylunio, creu, mesur, dehongli data, gwneud didyniadau a dod i gasgliadau ar sail tystiolaeth.

en-gb	Learners can work quantitatively, gathering data by making observations and taking measurements.
cy-gb	Gall dysgwyr weithio mewn modd ansoddol, gan gasglu data drwy wneud arsylwadau a chymryd mesuriadau.

en-gb	Working independently, and in collaboration, they will design and create prototypes and engineering products with accuracy and precision.
cy-gb	Gan weithio’n annibynnol ac ar y cyd, byddant yn dylunio ac yn creu prototeipiau a chynhyrchion peirianneg â chywirdeb a manylder.

en-gb	Learners should have the opportunities to develop and reﬁne their numeracy as they process data using calculation, tabulation and graphing skills to research and develop their ideas.
cy-gb	Dylai dysgwyr gael cyﬂeoedd i ddatblygu a mireinio eu rhifedd wrth iddynt brosesu data gan ddefnyddio sgiliau cyfrifo, tablu a grafﬁo i ymchwilio a datblygu eu syniadau.

en-gb	The development of these skills will allow learners to make judgments about the accuracy of data with increasing maturity.
cy-gb	Bydd meithrin y sgiliau hyn yn galluogi dysgwyr i wneud penderfyniadau am gywirdeb data ag aeddfedrwydd cynyddol.

en-gb	Learners develop further by changing information from text to data and vice versa, e.g. through interpreting information presented in tables and graphs to identify patterns and describe trends.
cy-gb	Bydd dysgwyr yn datblygu ymhellach drwy newid gwybodaeth o destun i ddata, ac i’r gwrthwyneb, e.e. drwy ddehongli data a gyﬂwynir mewn tablau a grafﬁau er mwyn adnabod patrymau a disgriﬁo tueddiadau.

en-gb	Science and Technology gives learners an abundance of opportunities to develop and apply digital skills appropriately.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn rhoi llu o gyﬂeoedd i ddysgwyr feithrin a chymhwyso sgiliau digidol yn briodol.

en-gb	It is important to recognise, however, that this area of learning and experience is not the sole home of digital competence, nor the only opportunity to develop these skills.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae’n bwysig cydnabod nad y maes dysgu a phroﬁad hwn yw’r unig un sy’n canolbwyntio ar gymhwysedd digidol nac yn cynnig cyﬂe i feithrin y sgiliau hyn.

en-gb	Learners should critically evaluate the science and technology they use and develop so that they are prepared to encounter the positive and negative aspects of being a digital citizen.
cy-gb	Dylai dysgwyr werthuso’r wyddoniaeth a’r dechnoleg y maent yn eu defnyddio mewn modd beirniadol, a hynny fel eu bod yn barod ar gyfer yr agweddau cadarnhaol a negyddol sy’n gysylltiedig â bod yn ddinesydd digidol.

en-gb	For example, as they source information and understand how to store data appropriately on different systems, they will become more mindful of the implications of data laws.
cy-gb	Er enghraifft, wrth iddynt ddod o hyd i wybodaeth a deall sut i storio data yn briodol ar systemau gwahanol, byddant yn dod yn fwy ymwybodol o oblygiadau’r gyfraith o ran data.

en-gb	They should also explore methods of electronic communication and identify which are the most effective for given situations.
cy-gb	Dylent hefyd archwilio dulliau electronig o gyfathrebu a phenderfynu pa rai sydd fwyaf effeithiol ar gyfer sefyllfaoedd penodol.

en-gb	As learners work, both independently and collaboratively, they should access opportunities to participate in the iterative process of planning, creating, evaluating and improving digital content.
cy-gb	Wrth i ddysgwyr weithio, yn annibynnol ac ar y cyd, dylent gael cyﬂeoedd i gymryd rhan yn y broses iterus o gynllunio, creu, gwerthuso a gwella cynnwys digidol.

en-gb	Inquiry, problem-solving and thinking skills can all be developed, allowing learners to understand problems with increasing complexity and, importantly, when to use technology appropriately to solve them.
cy-gb	Gellir meithrin sgiliau ymchwilio, datrys problemau a meddwl, gan alluogi dysgwyr i ddeall problemau â chymhlethdod cynyddol ac, yn bwysig, pryd i ddefnyddio technoleg yn briodol i’w datrys.

en-gb	Learners will combine multimedia components in increasingly complex ways, requiring greater consideration of the audience and the purpose of digital content.
cy-gb	Bydd dysgwyr yn cyfuno elfennau amlgyfrwng mewn ffyrdd cynyddol gymhleth, gan olygu bod angen iddynt roi mwy o ystyriaeth i’r gynulleidfa a diben y cynnwys digidol.

en-gb	Learners should have opportunities to gain an understanding of the importance of data and information literacy by exploring aspects of collection, representation and analysis associated with data handling and modelling.
cy-gb	Dylai dysgwyr gael cyﬂeoedd i feithrin eu dealltwriaeth o bwysigrwydd llythrennedd gwybodaeth a data drwy archwilio agweddau ar y prosesau casglu, cynrychioli a dadansoddi sy’n gysylltiedig â thrin a modelu data.

en-gb	Learners should explore how Wales’ geography, resources and workforce shaped the scientiﬁc activity and technological industry of the country, and how it could inﬂuence our future society, culture and economy.
cy-gb	Dylai dysgwyr ystyried y modd y mae daearyddiaeth, adnoddau a gweithlu Cymru wedi llywio diwydiant technolegol a gweithgarwch gwyddonol y wlad, ynghyd â’r modd y gallent ddylanwadu ar ein cymdeithas, ein diwylliant a’n heconomi yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	Learning about the histories of people with ties to Wales who have contributed to our understanding of the world and key technological advancements is valuable.
cy-gb	Mae dysgu am hanes pobl sydd â chysylltiadau â Chymru sydd wedi cyfrannu at ein dealltwriaetho’r byd a datblygiadau technolegol allweddol yn werthfawr.

en-gb	Celebration of Welsh individuals who currently work successfully in science and technology will inspire learners in an accessible and relevant manner.
cy-gb	Bydd dathlu unigolion o Gymru sy’ngweithio’n llwyddiannus ym maes gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg yn ysbrydoli dysgwyr mewn modd hygyrch a pherthnasol.

en-gb	Equally valuable are the contributions of people from a range of nationalities who work in science and technology in Wales.
cy-gb	Mae cyfraniad pobl o amrywiol genhedloedd sy’n gweithio ym maes gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg yng Nghymru yr un mor werthfawr.

en-gb	The contexts provided by Welsh industry should be used to bring learning to life across the area of learning and experience.
cy-gb	Dylid defnyddio’r cyd-destunau a ddarperir gan ddiwydiant Cymru i ennyn diddordeb dysgwyr ar draws y maes dysgu a phroﬁad.

en-gb	Welsh industrial facilities, both traditional and contemporary, involve a wealth of interdependent scientiﬁc and technological aspects which can be used to provide powerful reinforcement of learning in a Welsh context.
cy-gb	Mae cyﬂeusterau diwydiannol Cymru, boed yn rhai traddodiadol neu gyfoes, yn cynnwys cyfoeth o agweddau gwyddonol a thechnolegol rhyngddibynnol y gellir eu defnyddio i atgyfnerthu’r dysgu mewn cyd-destun Cymreig.

en-gb	Wales beneﬁts from, and contributes to, international science and technology projects, providing the expertise and skills required to help make these collaborations a success.
cy-gb	Mae Cymru yn elwa ar brosiectau gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg rhyngwladol, ac yn cyfrannu atynt, gan ddarparu’r arbenigedd a’r sgiliausy’n ofynnol i helpu i wneud y cydweithrediadau hyn yn llwyddiant.

en-gb	Our environmental impact transcends geographical and political boundaries.
cy-gb	Mae ein heffaith amgylcheddol yn mynd y tu hwnt i fﬁniau daearyddol a gwleidyddol.

en-gb	The effects of industrial activities on Wales’ ecology and the effects of Wales’ activities on ecosystems in other countries should be a focus, where appropriate.
cy-gb	Lle y bo’n briodol, dylid canolbwyntio ar effeithiau gweithgareddau diwydiannol ar ecoleg Cymru, ynghyd ag effaith gweithgareddau Cymru ar ecosystemau mewn gwledydd eraill.

en-gb	Through Science and Technology all learners can develop and apply all the wider skills to become more accomplished, resilient and independent learners.
cy-gb	Drwy Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg gall pob dysgwr feithrin a chymhwyso’r holl sgiliau ehangach er mwyn dod yn ddysgwyr mwy medrus, gwydn ac annibynnol.

en-gb	As a result, they will become capable and deal more effectively with the opportunities and challenges they face as individuals and members of society, both now and in the future.
cy-gb	O ganlyniad, byddant yn gallu delio’n fwy effeithiol â’r cyﬂeoedd a’r heriau y maent yn eu hwynebu fel unigolion ac aelodau o gymdeithas,nawr ac yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	Critical thinking and problem-solving are at the heart of Science and Technology when analysing problems to develop models, solutions and innovations.
cy-gb	Mae meddwl yn feirniadol a datrys problemau wrth wraidd Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg wrth ddadansoddi problemau i ddatblygu modelau, atebion a datblygiadau arloesol.

en-gb	It helps learners to develop a deeper understanding of the concepts and competencies required to progress.
cy-gb	Mae’n helpu dysgwyr i feithrin dealltwriaeth ddyfnach o’r cysyniadau a’r cymwyseddau sy’n ofynnol er mwyn gwneud cynnydd.

en-gb	Science and Technology provides rich contexts for learners to engage in making reasoned judgements, decisions and conclusions, and to develop their ideas, including in the ﬁeld of computation.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn darparu cyd-destunau cyfoethog i ddysgwyr lunio barn, gwneud penderfyniadau a dod i gasgliadau mewn ffordd resymol, a datblygu eu syniadau, gan gynnwys ym maes cyfriﬁant.

en-gb	Learners will be able to develop their problem-solving skills and personal resilience by learning through failure and feedback from others.
cy-gb	Bydd dysgwyr yn gallu meithrin eu sgiliau datrys problemau a’u gwydnwch personol drwy ddysgu o fethiannau ac o adborth gan eraill.

en-gb	Learners will develop their self-evaluation through the critical-thinking processes.
cy-gb	Byddant yn meithrin eu sgiliau hunanwerthuso drwy brosesau meddwl yn feirniadol.

en-gb	Planning and organisation are key in scientiﬁc and technological processes.
cy-gb	Mae cynllunio a threfnu yn rhan allweddol o brosesau gwyddonol a thechnolegol.

en-gb	Learners will be able to organise and plan their own projects and ideas, while setting their own goals within distinct requirements.
cy-gb	Bydd dysgwyr yn gallu trefnu a chynllunio eu prosiectau a’u syniadau eu hunain, gan osod eu nodau eu hunain yn unol â gofynion penodol.

en-gb	They will be able to critically evaluate their progress and results to further improve their ideas and outcomes.
cy-gb	Byddant yn gallu gwerthuso eu cynnydd a’u canlyniadau’n feirniadol er mwyn gwella eu syniadau a’u deilliannau ymhellach.

en-gb	Curiosity and inquisitiveness develop creativity and innovation;
cy-gb	Mae chwilfrydedd a holgarwch yn meithrin creadigrwydd ac arloesi;

en-gb	learners should explore and develop ideas and put them into action.
cy-gb	dylai dysgwyr archwilio a datblygu syniadau, a’u rhoi ar waith.

en-gb	Creative thinking is deﬁned as the thinking that enables learners to apply their imagination to generating ideas, designs, questions and hypotheses, experimenting with alternatives, and evaluating their own and their peers’ ideas, ﬁnal products and processes.
cy-gb	Ystyrir bod meddwl yn greadigol yn galluogi dysgwyr i gymhwyso eu dychymyg er mwyn creu syniadau, dyluniadau, cwestiynau a damcaniaethau, arbroﬁ â dewisiadau amgen, a gwerthuso eu syniadau, eu prosesau a’u cynhyrchion terfynol eu hunain, yn ogystal â rhai eu cyfoedion.

en-gb	These areas are essential to problem-solving and effective design.
cy-gb	Mae’r rhain yn hanfodol er mwyn datrys problemau a chreu dyluniadau effeithiol.

en-gb	Science and Technology enables learners to reﬂect on their own understanding of the world around them.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn galluogi dysgwyr i fyfyrio ar eu dealltwriaeth eu hunain o’r byd o’u cwmpas.

en-gb	Through this they can form clear, strong values which inform achievable life goals, and enable them to develop as effective citizens.
cy-gb	Drwy hyn gallant lunio gwerthoedd clir a chadarn, sy’n llywio nodau bywyd cyraeddadwy, er mwyn iddynt ddatblygu’n ddinasyddion effeithiol.

en-gb	Reﬂecting on scientiﬁc and technological processes can develop personal effectiveness, evaluation of strengths and areas for development, better solutions to problems, and the creation of new innovations.
cy-gb	Gall myfyrio ar brosesau gwyddonol a thechnolegol ddatblygu effeithiolrwydd personol, yn ogystal â’r gallu i werthuso cryfderau a meysydd i’w datblygu, canfod atebion gwell i broblemau, a chreu datblygiadau arloesol newydd.

en-gb	Learning from careers and labour market information
cy-gb	Dysgu o wybodaeth am yrfaoedd a’r farchnad lafur

en-gb	This is a key area for Science and Technology as it is essential for learners to develop an understanding of the real world and contexts for possible employment, as well as life skills.Employers’ need for science and technology-based knowledge and skills remains strong.
cy-gb	Mae hwn yn faes allweddol ar gyfer Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, a hynny am ei bod yn hollbwysig bod dysgwyr yn meithrin dealltwriaeth o’r byd go iawn a chyd-destunau ar gyfer cyﬂogaeth bosibl, yn ogystal â sgiliau bywyd. Mae’r angen am wybodaeth a sgiliau gwyddonol a thechnolegol yn parhau’n gryf ymhlith cyﬂogwyr.

en-gb	Science and technology are crucial to Wales’ success.
cy-gb	Mae gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg yn allweddol i lwyddiant Cymru.

en-gb	Knowledge-intensive organisations and highly skilled people make a major contribution towards innovation, economic growth and the quality of our public services.
cy-gb	Mae sefydliadau gwybodaeth-ddwys a phobl fedrus iawn yn gwneud cyfraniad mawr at ddatblygiadau arloesol, twf economaidd ac ansawdd ein gwasanaethau cyhoeddus.

en-gb	While related occupations are generally well paid and rewarding, many experience signiﬁcant ongoing skills shortages and are unable to ﬁnd suitable candidates to ﬁll vacancies.
cy-gb	Er bod galwedigaethau cysylltiedig fel arfer yn talu’n dda ac yn rhoi boddhad, mae yna brinder sgiliau parhaus sylweddol mewn llawer ohonynt, ynghyd â phrinder ymgeiswyr addas i lenwi swyddi gwag.

en-gb	Linking the area of learning and experience to careers and work-related experiences Learners should be encouraged to undertake research and explore the links between Science and Technology and their related career paths.
cy-gb	Cysylltu’r maes dysgu a phroﬁad â gyrfaoedd a phroﬁadau sy’n gysylltiedig â gwaith Dylid annog dysgwyr i ymgymryd â gwaith ymchwil ac i ystyried y cysylltiadau rhwng Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg a’u llwybrau gyrfa cysylltiedig.

en-gb	Both science and technology equip learners with the necessary skills and knowledge to pursue careers related to these disciplines.
cy-gb	Mae gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg yn rhoi’r sgiliaua’r wybodaeth sydd eu hangen ar ddysgwyr i ddilyn gyrfa sy’n gysylltiedig â’r disgyblaethau hyn.

en-gb	More importantly, the transferable skills which sit at the heart of scientiﬁc and technological understanding contribute to learners’ preparation for professions and jobs that do not yet exist.
cy-gb	Yn bwysicach, mae’r sgiliau trosglwyddadwy sydd wrth wraidd dealltwriaeth wyddonol a thechnolegol yn helpu i baratoi dysgwyr ar gyfer proffesiynau a swyddi nad ydynt yn bodoli eto.

en-gb	The skills developed through Science and Technology are transferable, highly valued and sought after in the wider employment market.
cy-gb	Mae’r sgiliau a feithrinir drwy Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn drosglwyddadwy ac yn werthfawr iawn, ac mae galw mawr amdanynt yn y farchnad gyﬂogaeth ehangach.

en-gb	These include problem-solving, interpreting data and information, reasoning ability and the ability to think logically.
cy-gb	Mae’r rhain yn cynnwys datrys problemau, dehongli data a gwybodaeth, y gallu i resymu a’r gallu i feddwl yn rhesymegol.

en-gb	While there isn’t a ‘typical’ science and technology job, traditional stereotypes persist and need to be challenged.
cy-gb	Er nad oes yr un swydd ‘nodweddiadol’ ym maes gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg, mae’r stereoteipiau traddodiadol yn parhau, ac mae angen eu herio.

en-gb	Females, those with disabilities and those from minority or socially disadvantaged groups are consistently under-represented.
cy-gb	Nid yw merched, pobl ag anableddau na’r rhaisy’n perthyn i grwpiau lleiafrifol neu sy’n wynebu anfantais gymdeithasol yn cael eu cynrychioli’n ddigonol, a hynny’n gyson.

en-gb	With the introduction of careers-related education in primary schools these sorts of stereotypes can be tackled from an early age – an age when they are often formed.
cy-gb	Drwy gyﬂwyno addysg sy’n gysylltiedig â gyrfaoedd mewn ysgolion cynradd gellir mynd i’r afael â’r mathau hyn o stereoteipiau o oedran cynnar – oedran pan fyddant yn aml yn cael eu ffurﬁo.

en-gb	A more diverse workforce with rounded scientiﬁc and technological understanding is not just desirable in terms of equality, but essential to maximising opportunities for all learners and meeting Wales’ economic needs.
cy-gb	Yn ogystal â bod yn ddymunol o ran cydraddoldeb, mae creu gweithlu mwy amrywiol sy’n meddu ar ddealltwriaeth wyddonol a thechnolegol gyﬂawn yn hollbwysig er mwyn sicrhau cynifer o gyﬂeoedd â phosibl i bob dysgwr, yn ogystal â diwallu anghenion economaidd Cymru.

en-gb	Success for a young primary school learner could include:
cy-gb	Gallai llwyddiant i ddysgwr ifanc ysgol gynradd gynnwys:

en-gb	• demonstrating and applying the skills learned in relation to the world of work
cy-gb	• dangos a chymhwyso’r sgiliau a ddysgwyd mewn perthynas â’r byd gwaith

en-gb	• identifying interests, strengths and skills to make informed post-16 choices
cy-gb	• canfod diddordebau, cryfderau a sgiliau er mwyn gwneud dewisiadau gwybodus ôl-16

en-gb	Learners develop interests, strengths, knowledge, skills and aspirations through their educational experiences within and beyond school.
cy-gb	Mae dysgwyr yn meithrin diddordebau, cryfderau, gwybodaeth, sgiliau a dyheadau drwy eu proﬁadau addysgol yn yr ysgol a thu hwnt.

en-gb	A range of partners support these exciting journeys through co-design and co-delivery and together they shape learners’ decisions about their future and the pathways they follow.
cy-gb	Mae amrywiaeth o bartneriaid ynghlwm â’r teithiau cyffrous hyn drwy gyd-ddylunio a chyd-gyﬂwyno, a, gyda’i gilydd, maent yn llywio penderfyniadau dysgwyr am eu dyfodol a’r llwybrau y byddant yn eu dilyn.

en-gb	Opportunities such as visits, guest speakers and practical activities can help to enhance and contextualise learning.
cy-gb	Gall cyﬂeoedd megis ymweliadau, siaradwyr gwadd a gweithgareddau ymarferol, helpu i wella’r dysgu a’i roi mewn cyd-destun.

en-gb	Collaboration and access to individuals and employers provide learners with opportunities to learn about work, employment and the skills valued in the workplace.
cy-gb	Mae cydweithredu a’r gallu i gysylltu ag unigolion a chyﬂogwyr yn cynnig cyﬂeoedd i ddysgwyr ddysgu am waith, cyﬂogaeth a’r sgiliau a werthfawrogir yn y gweithle.

en-gb	Learners can use the knowledge and skills gained from taking part in work-related experiences to develop successful enterprise activities.
cy-gb	Gall dysgwyr ddefnyddio’r wybodaeth a’r sgiliau a feithrinir drwy gymryd rhan mewn proﬁadau sy’n gysylltiedig â gwaith i ddatblygu gweithgareddau menter llwyddiannus.

en-gb	These can provide an authentic learning experience which helps them develop as creative, enterprising contributors, forming links to the world of work.
cy-gb	Gall y rhain gynnig proﬁad dysgu dilys sy’n eu helpu i ddatblygu’n gyfranwyr creadigol, blaengar, gan greu cysylltiadau â’r byd gwaith.

en-gb	Effective careers guidance is essential in establishing the most appropriate route for learners’ aspirations, informing them of the wide range of entry points and pathways into further learning and the world of work.
cy-gb	Mae arweiniad gyrfaoedd effeithiol yn hanfodol er mwyn sicrhau’r llwybr mwyaf priodol ar gyfer dyheadau dysgwyr, gan roi gwybod iddynt am yr amrywiaeth eang o bwyntiau mynediad a llwybrau i ddysgu pellach ac i fyd gwaith.

en-gb	Learners should have opportunities to foster entrepreneurial skills and to make them aware of the beneﬁts of setting up an enterprise.
cy-gb	Dylai dysgwyr gael cyﬂeoedd i feithrin sgiliau entrepreneuraidd ac i ddysgu am fanteision sefydlu menter.

en-gb	Learners should be directed to online research tools that provide course and progression information to support their understanding of the range of learning opportunities available, to help raise their aspirations and form a basis on which informed decisions can be made.
cy-gb	Dylid hefyd gyfeirio dysgwyr at adnoddau ymchwil ar-lein sy’n cynnig gwybodaeth am gyrsiau a chynnydd, er mwyn eu helpu i ddeall yr amrywiaeth o gyﬂeoedd dysgu sydd ar gael, ac i helpu i godi eu dyheadau a chynnig sail iddynt allu gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus.

en-gb	Science and Technology offers learners the opportunity to study the scientiﬁc basis of relationships and sexuality education.
cy-gb	Mae Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn cynnig cyﬂe i ddysgwyr astudio sylfaen wyddonol addysg cydberthynas a rhywioldeb.

en-gb	Opportunities can be strengthened depending on practitioners’ approach.
cy-gb	Gellir atgyfnerthu’r cyﬂeoedd yn unol â dull yr ymarferydd.

en-gb	There are clear links between this area of learning and experience and health and well-being.
cy-gb	Mae yna gysylltiadau clir rhwng y maes dysgu a phroﬁad hwn ac iechyd a lles.

en-gb	Through Science and Technology, learners will understand that the survival of the human race is based on relationships between individuals.
cy-gb	Drwy Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, bydd dysgwyr yn deall bod gallu pobl i oroesi yn seiliedig ar gydberthnasau rhwng unigolion.

en-gb	This interdependency is essential for the continuation of life.
cy-gb	Mae’r rhyngddibyniaeth hon yn hanfodol i barhad bywyd.

en-gb	Children, the elderly, and vulnerable individuals are more dependent on others.
cy-gb	Mae plant, yr henoed, ac unigolion sy’n agored i niwed yn fwy dibynnol ar eraill.

en-gb	Through the study of living things, learners will come to understand that we are all unique, due to genetic variation and environmental inﬂuence.
cy-gb	Drwy astudio pethau byw, bydd dysgwyr yn dod i ddeall bod pob un ohonom yn unigryw, a hynny o ganlyniad i amrywiad genetig a dylanwadau amgylcheddol.

en-gb	Every human has a right to be respected and can contribute to society, regardless of their differences.
cy-gb	Mae gan bawb yr hawl i gael ei barchu ac i gyfrannu at gymdeithas, ni waeth beth fo’u gwahaniaethau.

en-gb	We are all valuable and have a right to be treated with dignity and respect.
cy-gb	Mae pob un ohonom yn werthfawr, ac mae gennym yr hawl i gael ein trin ag urddas a pharch.

en-gb	Incorrect assumptions and stereotyping, which may lead to stigma and discrimination, can be harmful to individuals’ well-being and violate their human rights.
cy-gb	Gall stereoteipiau a thybiaethau anghywir, a all arwain at stigma a gwahaniaethu, fod yn niweidiol i les unigolion a thorri eu hawliau dynol.

en-gb	Scientiﬁc understanding by learners can help to dispel such assumptions and reduce stereotyping.
cy-gb	Gall meithrin dealltwriaeth wyddonol dysgwyr helpu i chwalu tybiaethau o’r fath a lleihau stereoteipio.

en-gb	Through the study of living things, learners will explore the difference between genetically determined sex as opposed to gender, and the importance of the difference between the two.
cy-gb	Drwy astudio pethau byw, bydd dysgwyr yn archwilio’r gwahaniaeth rhwng rhyw a bennir yn enetig a rhywedd, ynghyd â phwysigrwydd y gwahaniaeth hwnnw.

en-gb	Through this, learners will be able to understand that a person’s gender identity may not match their biological sex.
cy-gb	Drwy hyn, bydd dysgwyr yn gallu deall efallai na fydd hunaniaeth rywiol unigolyn bob amser yn cyd-fynd â’i ryw ﬁolegol.

en-gb	Relationships and sexuality and health and well-being
cy-gb	Addysg cydberthynas a rhywioldeb ac iechyd a lles

en-gb	The study of health and diseases provides learners with the opportunity to develop scientiﬁc understanding in support of their own informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being.
cy-gb	Mae astudio iechyd a chlefydau yn rhoi cyﬂe i ddysgwyr feithrin dealltwriaeth wyddonol i gefnogi  eu penderfyniadau gwybodus eu hunain am eu hiechyd a’u lles rhywiol. 

en-gb	Through studying living things, learners will know the names and function of their sexual and reproductive organs.
cy-gb	Drwy astudio pethau byw, bydd dysgwyr yn dod i wybod enwau a swyddogaeth eu horganau rhywiol ac atgenhedlu.

en-gb	They will learn about the role hormones play in growth, puberty and reproduction, and how that can also affect people’s emotions.
cy-gb	Byddant yn dysgu am rôl hormonau wrth dyfu, aeddfedu ac atgenhedlu, a’r ffordd y gall hynny hefyd effeithio ar emosiynau pobl.

en-gb	Through studying health and diseases, learners should be given opportunities to understand how contraceptives work, from a biological perspective, and their relative efﬁciency in preventing different sexually transmitted diseases.
cy-gb	Drwy astudio iechyd a chlefydau, dylai dysgwyr gael cyﬂeoedd i ddeall sut y mae dulliau atal cenhedlu yn gweithio, o safbwynt biolegol, ynghyd â’u heffeithlonrwydd perthynol o ran atal gwahanol glefydau a drosglwyddir yn rhywiol.

en-gb	This knowledge enables them to make more informed decisions about their own sexual behaviour.
cy-gb	Bydd yr wybodaeth hon yn eu galluogi i wneud penderfyniadau mwy gwybodus am eu hymddygiad rhywiol eu hunain.

en-gb	Enrichment and experiences are integral to Science and Technology and provide opportunities for all learners to experience holistic and authentic contexts.
cy-gb	Mae cyfoethogi a phroﬁadau yn rhan annatod o Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, ac yn cynnig cyﬂeoedd i bob dysgwr ymdrin â chyd-destunau holistaidd a dilys.

en-gb	Through making fundamental connections within Science and Technology learners will develop a stronger understanding of the world around them and their place within it.
cy-gb	Drwy wneud cysylltiadau sylfaenol o fewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg bydd dysgwyr yn meithrin dealltwriaeth well o’r byd o’u cwmpas, yn ogystal â’u lle ynddo.

en-gb	Exploration and experience of the world through inquiry (including ﬁeldwork, investigating indoor and outdoor environments in a safe and systematic way) are crucial for all learners.
cy-gb	Mae archwilio a phroﬁ’r byd drwy ymchwil (gan gynnwys gwaith maes, archwilio amgylcheddau dan do ac awyr agored mewn ffordd ddiogel a systematig) yn hanfodol i bob dysgwr.

en-gb	Learners will enhance their understanding of different environmental issues and learn to demonstrate care, responsibility, concern and respect for all living things and the environment in which they live.
cy-gb	Bydd dysgwyr yn meithrin dealltwriaeth well o faterion amgylcheddol gwahanol ac yn dysgu sut i ddangos gofal, cyfrifoldeb, ystyriaeth a pharch tuag at bob peth byw a’r amgylchedd o’u cwmpas.

en-gb	Developing a range of partnerships and engaging with science and technology professionals, experts and craftspeople can broaden experiences to deepen their understanding of processes and application.
cy-gb	Gall datblygu amrywiaeth o bartneriaethau ac ymwneud â gweithwyr proffesiynol, arbenigwyr a chrefftwyr ym maes gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg ehangu proﬁadau dysgwyr er mwyn gwella eu dealltwriaeth o brosesau, a’u gallu i’w cymhwyso.

en-gb	They should experience electronic and digital technologies to enhance their learning and deepen their understanding of future breakthroughs.
cy-gb	Dylent gael proﬁad o dechnolegau electronig a digidol er mwyn gwella eu dysgu a gwella eu dealltwriaeth o ddatblygiadau arloesol yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	Learners should have opportunities to work both independently and collaboratively to investigate, design, develop and evaluate their outcomes.
cy-gb	Dylai dysgwyr gael cyﬂeoedd i weithio’n annibynnol, yn ogystal ag ar y cyd, i ymchwilio, dylunio, datblygu a gwerthuso eu deilliannau.

en-gb	They should work iteratively towards a purposeful outcome to develop resilience and perseverance, where failure can be seen as a stepping stone to success and creativity is celebrated.
cy-gb	Dylent weithio mewn modd iterus tuag at ganlyniad pwrpasol i ddatblygu gwydnwch a dyfalbarhad, lle y gellir ystyried methiant yn garreg camu tuag at lwyddiant a lle y caiff creadigrwydd ei ddathlu.

en-gb	The Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience will need to be used by settings and schools with the four purposes of the curriculum central to the planning of the experiences, knowledge and skills learners will encounter.
cy-gb	Bydd angen i leoliadau ac ysgolion ddefnyddio Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg gan sicrhau bod pedwar diben y cwricwlwm yn greiddiol i’r broses o gynllunio’r proﬁadau, yr wybodaeth a’r sgiliau y bydd dysgwyr yn dod ar eu traws.

en-gb	Therefore, practitioners must consider how their teaching and curriculum provision contribute to the development of these characteristics within learners in Wales.
cy-gb	Felly, rhaid i ymarferwyr ystyried sut mae eu haddysgu a’u darpariaeth gwricwlaidd yn cyfrannu at ddatblygu’r nodweddion hyn ymhlith dysgwyr yng Nghymru.

en-gb	As a matter of principle, practitioners should be free to decide on the organisation of this area of learning and experience, making important decisions about sequencing scientiﬁc and technological concepts.
cy-gb	Fel mater o egwyddor, dylai ymarferwyr allu penderfynu ar drefniadaeth y maes dysgu a phroﬁad hwn, gan wneud penderfyniadau pwysig am ddilyniannu cysyniadau gwyddonol a thechnolegol.

en-gb	Such decisions should be informed by the hierarchic and connected nature of concepts set out in the area of learning and experience, including the range of suggested ‘strands’ of progression, in order to ensure foundations in learning are built on and experiences are connected.
cy-gb	Dylai penderfyniadau o’r fath gael eu llywio gan natur hierarchaidd a chysylltiedig y cysyniadau a nodir yn y maes dysgu a phroﬁad, gan gynnwys yr amrywiaeth o ‘linynnau’ cynnydd a awgrymir, er mwyn sicrhau yr adeiledir ar y sylfeini sy’n rhan o’r dysgu a bod cysylltiadau rhwng y proﬁadau.

en-gb	Making the most of a multidisciplinary approach to curriculum development provides learners with a more coherent learning experience.
cy-gb	Drwy fanteisio i’r eithaf ar ddull gweithredu amlddisgyblaethol mewn perthynas â datblygu’r cwricwlwm, cynigir proﬁad dysgu mwy cydlynol i ddysgwyr.

en-gb	Deep understanding can develop through planning across all six statements of what matters in science and technology learning, and the connection and application of these in a range of contexts.
cy-gb	Gellir meithrin dealltwriaeth ddwfn drwy gynllunio ar draws y chwe datganiad o’r hyn sy’n bwysig wrth ddysgu gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg,a’u cysylltu a’u cymhwyso mewn amrywiaeth o gyd-destunau.

en-gb	The learning undertaken in one aspect can reinforce and support work across different disciplines in a timely manner.
cy-gb	Gall yr hyn a ddysgir mewn un agwedd atgyfnerthu a chefnogi gwaith o fewn gwahanol ddisgyblaethau mewn modd amserol.

en-gb	To achieve this, cohesive and coherent curriculum planning across traditional disciplinary boundaries is crucial.
cy-gb	Er mwyn cyﬂawni hyn, mae prosesau cydlynol a chydlynus ar gyfer cynllunio’r cwricwlwm ar drawsfﬁniau disgyblaethau traddodiadol yn hanfodol.

en-gb	However, practitioners will also wish to consider the need for more discrete disciplinary learning and teaching; this becomes increasingly important as learners progress.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, bydd ymarferwyr hefyd yn awyddus i ystyried yr angen am ddulliau dysgu ac addysgu mwy penodol o fewn disgyblaethau; daw hyn yn gynyddol bwysig wrth i ddysgwyr wneud cynnydd.

en-gb	The planned sequencing of Science and Technology learning and teaching should consider the development of the knowledge or skills learners need, in advance of engaging them in more practical activities or inquiry.
cy-gb	Dylai’r dilyniant y bwriedir ei roi ar waith wrth ddysgu ac addysgu Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg ystyried y broses o feithrin yr wybodaeth neu’r sgiliau sydd eu hangen ar ddysgwyr, cyn gofyn iddynt gymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau neu ymholiadau mwy ymarferol.

en-gb	Practical learning experiences of a speciﬁc, thematic or multidisciplinary nature should strengthen prior learning and conceptual understanding, not simply engage learners in memorable and enjoyable tasks.
cy-gb	Dylai proﬁadau dysgu ymarferol o natur benodol, thematig neu amlddisgyblaethol atgyfnerthu dysgu blaenorol a dealltwriaeth gysyniadol, yn hytrach na dim ond cynnig tasgau coﬁadwy y mae dysgwyr yn eu mwynhau.

en-gb	As learners progress in their Science and Technology learning, particularly in secondary settings, there is an expectation that they will experience subject specialist teaching.
cy-gb	Wrth i ddysgwyr wneud cynnydd wrth ddysgu ym maes Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, yn arbennig mewn lleoliadau uwchradd, disgwylir iddynt broﬁ dulliau addysgu arbenigol o fewn pynciau.

en-gb	Specialist teaching should enhance and be integral to multidisciplinary approaches to curriculum planning, and is essential to ensure learners are best prepared for further learning post-16.  Standards and rigour should be advanced by this process.
cy-gb	Dylai dulliau addysgu arbenigol wella dulliau gweithredu amlddisgyblaethol mewn perthynas â chynllunio’r cwricwlwm a bod yn rhan annatod o’r broses, ac maent yn hanfodol er mwyn sicrhau bod dysgwyr wedi’u paratoi yn y ffordd orau bosibl ar gyfer dysgu pellach ôl-16.Dylai’r broses hon wella safonau a thrylwyredd.

en-gb	Teaching should also be based on sound evidence and expertise.
cy-gb	Dylai’r addysgu fod yn seiliedig ar dystiolaeth ac arbenigedd cadarn.

en-gb	Evidence should be drawn from local, cluster-wide, regional and national information, using a range of established sources, e.g. the National Network for Excellence in Science and Technology.
cy-gb	Dylid defnyddio tystiolaeth o wybodaeth leol, gwybodaeth o glystyrau, gwybodaeth ranbarthol a chenedlaethol, gan ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o ffynonellau sefydledig, e.e. y Rhwydwaith Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Rhagoriaeth mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	Practitioners should also seek to collaborate with a range of experts and stakeholders when engaging in curriculum development, including local businesses and science, technology, engineering and mathematics stakeholder organisations.
cy-gb	Dylai ymarferwyr hefyd geisio cydweithredu ag amrywiaeth o arbenigwyr a rhanddeiliaid wrth ymgymryd â gwaith i ddatblygu’r cwricwlwm, gan gynnwys busnesau lleol a sefydliadau rhanddeiliaid gwyddoniaeth, technoleg, peirianneg a mathemateg.

en-gb	WHAT MATTERS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
cy-gb	YR HYN SY’N BWYSIG MEWN  GWYDDONIAETH A THECHNOLEG

en-gb	Curiosity about Science and Technology leads us to ask questions about the world around us.
cy-gb	Mae chwilfrydedd am Wyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn ein hannog i ofyn cwestiynau am y byd o’n cwmpas.

en-gb	Using logic, imagination and creativity, we can apply scientiﬁc knowledge to further our understanding of how that world works.
cy-gb	Gan ddefnyddio rhesymeg, dychymyg a chreadigrwydd, gallwn gymhwyso gwybodaeth wyddonol er mwyn gwella ein dealltwriaeth o sut mae’r byd yn gweithio.

en-gb	We can develop and test useful models to help us make sense of its complexity.
cy-gb	Gallwn ddatblygu a phroﬁ modelau defnyddiol i’n helpu i wneud synnwyr o’n byd cymhleth.

en-gb	With evidence derived from observations new theories can be developed, and existing ideas may be reﬁned or challenged.
cy-gb	Gyda thystiolaeth arsylwadau gellir datblygu damcaniaethau newydd, a gellir mireinio neu herio syniadau sy’n bodoli eisoes.

en-gb	We need to be able to evaluate scientiﬁc claims to help us make informed decisions that affect our world and well-being.
cy-gb	Mae angen i ni allu gwerthuso honiadau gwyddonol i’n helpu i wneud penderfyniadau gwybodus sy’n effeithio ar ein byd ac ar ein lles.

en-gb	The choices we make depend on many factors, including our moral viewpoints and personal beliefs.
cy-gb	Mae’r dewisiadau a wnawn yn dibynnu ar lawer o ffactorau, gan gynnwys ein safbwyntiau moesegola’n credoau personol.

en-gb	As ethically informed citizens we need to consider the impact of our actions and technological developments on Wales and the wider world, asking ‘Just because we can, does that mean we should?’.
cy-gb	Fel dinasyddion egwyddorol a gwybodus mae angen i ni ystyried effaith ein gweithredoedd a datblygiadau technolegol ar Gymru a’r byd ehangach, gan ofyn‘A w’r ffaith ein bod ni’n gallu yn golygu y dylwn ni?’.

en-gb	• Learners’ thinking develops from concrete to abstract.
cy-gb	• Mae meddwl dysgwyr yn datblygu o’r diriaethol i’r haniaethol.

en-gb	• Learners develop from qualitative description to quantiﬁcation. 
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn datblygu o ddisgriﬁo ansoddol i feintioli.

en-gb	• Learners move from describing ideas to being able to explain ideas.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn symud o ddisgriﬁo syniadau i allu egluro syniadau.

en-gb	• Learners begin by recognising single factors and progress to consider multiple factors.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn dechrau drwy gydnabod ffactorau unigol ac yn datblygu i allu ystyried ffactorau lluosog.

en-gb	• Learners develop simple skills into more elaborate skills.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn datblygu sgiliau syml cyn meithrin sgiliau mwy cymhleth.

en-gb	• Learners begin with an egocentric view but develop to be able to consider others and the wider world.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn dechrau drwy feddu ar safbwynt myfïol ond maent yn datblygu i allu ystyried eraill a’r byd ehangach.

en-gb	Inquiry
cy-gb	Ymholi

en-gb	I can show curiosity and question how things work.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddangos chwilfrydedd a chwestiynu sut mae pethau’n gweithio.

en-gb	I can explore my environment, make observations and communicate my ideas about what is happening.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio fy amgylchedd, gwneud arsylwadau a chyﬂeu fy syniadau am yr hyn sy’n digwydd.

en-gb	I can ask questions and use my experience to suggest simple methods of inquiry.
cy-gb	Gallaf ofyn cwestiynau a defnyddio fy mhroﬁad i awgrymu dulliau ymholi syml.

en-gb	I can collect data and communicate my ﬁndings.
cy-gb	Gallaf gasglu data a chyﬂeu fy nghanfyddiadau.

en-gb	I can recognise trends and patterns from my observations and investigations.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod tueddiadau a phatrymau ar sail fy arsylwadau a’m hymchwiliadau.

en-gb	Impact of Science and Technology
cy-gb	Effaith Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg

en-gb	I can recognise that what I do, and the things I use, can have an impact on my environment and on living things.
cy-gb	Gallaf gydnabod y gall yr hyn a wnaf, a’r pethau a ddefnyddiaf, gael effaith ar fy amgylchedd ac ar bethau byw.

en-gb	I can suggest how to use and dispose of everyday materials responsibly.
cy-gb	Gallaf awgrymu sut y dylid defnyddio a gwaredu defnyddiau pob-dydd mewn ffordd gyfrifol.

en-gb	I can suggest suitable methods of inquiry, identifying variables where appropriate, to investigate scientiﬁc questions.
cy-gb	Gallaf awgrymu dulliau ymholi addas, gan adnabod newidynnau lle y bo’n briodol, er mwyn ymchwilio i gwestiynau gwyddonol.

en-gb	I can collect and present data in a suitable format.
cy-gb	Gallaf gasglu a chyﬂwyno data mewn fformat addas.

en-gb	I can identify trends, patterns and relationships to draw conclusions.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod tueddiadau, patrymau a pherthnasau er mwyn dod i gasgliadau.

en-gb	I can evaluate methods and working practices to suggest improvements.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso dulliau ac arferion gweithio er mwyn awgrymu gwelliannau.

en-gb	Models
cy-gb	Modelau

en-gb	I can use physical and conceptual models to represent the behaviour of real-world physical and digital systems.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio modelau fﬁsegol a chysyniadol i gynrychioli ymddygiad systemau fﬁsegol a digidol go iawn.

en-gb	Evaluating evidence
cy-gb	Gwerthuso tystiolaeth

en-gb	I can engage with scientiﬁc and technological issues to inform my own opinions.
cy-gb	Gallaf fynd i’r afael â materion gwyddonol a thechnolegol er mwyn llywio fy safbwyntiau personol.

en-gb	I can take responsible actions in my daily life that take into account the impact on the environment and others.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymryd camau cyfrifol yn fy mywyd pob dydd sy’n ystyried yr effaith ar yr amgylchedd ac ar eraill.

en-gb	I can describe the positive and negative impacts of Science and Technology in my everyday life.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg yn fy mywyd pob-dydd.

en-gb	I can identify which of the Earth’s resources are in short supply and describe how they can be used sustainably.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod pa rai o adnoddau’r Ddaear sy’n brin a disgriﬁo sut y gellir eu defnyddio mewn ffordd gynaliadwy.

en-gb	I can research and suggest suitable methods of inquiry, identifying and managing variables, to investigate scientiﬁc questions.
cy-gb	Gallaf gynnal gwaith ymchwil ac awgrymu dulliau ymholi addas, gan adnabod a rheoli newidynnau, er mwyn ymchwilio i gwestiynau gwyddonol.

en-gb	I can collect reliable data, process and present it accurately in a suitable format.
cy-gb	Gallaf gasglu data dibynadwy, eu prosesu a’u cyﬂwyno’n gywir mewn fformat addas.

en-gb	I can describe trends, patterns and relationships in data, and use my scientiﬁc knowledge to explain them.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo tueddiadau, patrymau a pherthnasau mewn data, a defnyddio fy ngwybodaeth wyddonol i’w hegluro.

en-gb	I can use my ﬁndings to draw valid conclusions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio fy nghanfyddiadau er mwyn dod i gasgliadau dilys.

en-gb	I can evaluate the reliability of data, taking anomalies into account.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso dibynadwyedd data, gan ystyried anomaleddau.

en-gb	I can make and use physical, mathematical and conceptual models to explain and predict the behaviour of real-world systems.
cy-gb	Gallaf wneud a defnyddio modelau fﬁsegol, mathemategol a chysyniadol i egluro a rhagfynegi ymddygiad systemau go iawn.

en-gb	I can describe the strengths and weaknesses of models to identify their limitations.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo cryfderau a gwendidau modelau er mwyn adnabod eu cyfyngiadau.

en-gb	I can select relevant scientiﬁc knowledge from a range of evidence sources to evaluate claims presented as scientiﬁc facts.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddewis gwybodaeth wyddonol berthnasol o amrywiaeth o ffynonellau tystiolaeth er mwyn gwerthuso honiadau a gyﬂwynir fel ffeithiau gwyddonol.

en-gb	I can review my own opinions based on new scientiﬁc evidence.
cy-gb	Gallaf adolygu fy safbwyntiau fy hun yn seiliedig ar dystiolaeth wyddonol newydd.

en-gb	I can explain why we sometimes choose to act in ways that impact negatively on the environment.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro pam ein bod weithiau yn dewis ymddwyn mewn ffyrdd sy’n cael effaith negyddol ar yr amgylchedd.

en-gb	I can describe the positive and negative impacts of Science and Technology on society.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg ar gymdeithas.

en-gb	I can analyse the availability of key natural resources.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddadansoddi argaeledd adnoddau naturiol allweddol.

en-gb	I can devise and justify systematic methods of inquiry to investigate scientiﬁc questions rigorously.
cy-gb	Gallaf lunio a chyﬁawnhau dulliau ymholi systematig er mwyn ymchwilio’n drylwyr i gwestiynau gwyddonol.

en-gb	I can identify and describe complex trends, patterns and relationships.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod a disgriﬁo tueddiadau, patrymau a pherthnasau cymhleth.

en-gb	I can link experimental ﬁndings and theoretical knowledge to draw valid conclusions.
cy-gb	Gallaf gysylltu canfyddiadau arbrofol a gwybodaeth ddamcaniaethol er mwyn dod i gasgliadau dilys.

en-gb	I can critically evaluate the quality of data and suggest improvements to associated research methods.
cy-gb	Gallaf gynnal gwerthusiad beirniadol o ansawdd data ac awgrymu gwelliannau i ddulliau ymchwil cysylltiedig.

en-gb	I can form physical, mathematical and conceptual models to explain and predict the behaviour of real-world systems.
cy-gb	Gallaf ffurﬁo modelau fﬁsegol, mathemategol a chysyniadol i egluro a rhagfynegi ymddygiad systemau go iawn.

en-gb	I can use models to support or challenge theories.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio modelau i gefnogi neu wrthbroﬁ damcaniaethau.

en-gb	I can evaluate the effectiveness of models and reﬁne them to better ﬁt the evidence available.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso effeithiolrwydd modelau a’u mireinio er mwyn sicrhau eu bod yn gweddu’n welli’r dystiolaeth sydd ar gael.

en-gb	I can research and evaluate claims presented as scientiﬁc facts by considering the validity of the supporting evidence.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i honiadau a gyﬂwynir fel ffeithiau gwyddonol a’u gwerthuso drwy ystyried dilysrwydd y dystiolaeth ategol.

en-gb	I can evaluate alternative theories, where the evidence available does not conclusively support one outcome, to form a considered opinion.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso damcaniaethau amgen, lle nad yw’r dystiolaeth sydd ar gael yn cefnogi un canlyniad pendant, er mwyn llunio barn ystyrlon.

en-gb	I can explain and justify ways in which society can develop, taking into account environmental and societal impacts both now and in the future.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro a chyﬁawnhau ffyrdd y gall cymdeithas ddatblygu, gan ystyried effeithiau amgylcheddol a chymdeithasol nawr ac yn y dyfodol.

en-gb	I can evaluate the effectiveness and impact of technological solutions on a personal, societal and environmental level.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso effeithiolrwydd ac effaith datrysiadau technolegol ar lefel bersonol, gymdeithasol ac amgylcheddol.

en-gb	This section suggests where learning can be enriched through drawing links between other what matters statements across the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience.
cy-gb	Mae’r adran hon yn awgrymu lle gellid cyfoethogi dysgu drwy wneud cysylltiadau rhwng y datganiadau o’r hyn sy’n bwysig ar draws Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg. 

en-gb	It also suggests where different elements of learning could be considered together in order to support more holistic learning.
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn awgrymu ymhle gellid ystyried gwahanol elfennau o ddysgu gyda’i gilydd er mwyn cefnogi dysgu sy’n fwy holistaidd.

en-gb	• The exploration of living things, including natural habitats, when undertaking inquiries.
cy-gb	• Archwilio pethau byw, gan gynnwys cyneﬁnoedd naturiol, wrth gynnal gweithdrefnau ymholi. 

en-gb	• Inquiries into the physical properties of materials and the particulate nature of matter.
cy-gb	• Ymholiadau mewn perthynas â phriodweddau fﬁsegol defnyddiau a natur gronynnol mater. 

en-gb	• Investigating the structure and dynamics of the universe.
cy-gb	• Ymchwilio i strwythur a deinamig y bydysawd.

en-gb	• Supporting engineering problems and enhancing the design process.
cy-gb	• Cefnogi problemau peirianneg a gwella’r broses ddylunio.

en-gb	• Understanding the role of Science and Technology, and challenging assumptions, with links to contextualised opportunities to articulate opinions and debate claims based on the validity of information.
cy-gb	• Deall rôl Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, a herio rhagdybiaethau, yn gysylltiedig â chyﬂeoedd cyd-destunol i fynegi barn a thrafod honiadau sy’n seiliedig ar ddilysrwydd gwybodaeth.

en-gb	• Engaging in learning on the implications of Science and Technology, with connections to design, engineering, computation and the sciences to provide rich opportunities and contexts.
cy-gb	• Ymwneud â dysgu ar oblygiadau Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, yn gysylltiedig â dylunio,peirianneg, cyfriﬁant a’r gwyddorau er mwyn cynnig cyﬂeoedd a chyd-destunau cyfoethog.

en-gb	• The development of inquiry skills.
cy-gb	• Datblygu sgiliau ymholi.

en-gb	• Decision-making and the implications of decisions.
cy-gb	• Gwneud penderfyniadau a goblygiadau penderfyniadau.

en-gb	• Personal well-being and decisions on safety.
cy-gb	• Lles personol a phenderfyniadau ar ddiogelwch.

en-gb	• Communicating ﬁndings and opinions, presenting arguments.
cy-gb	• Cyﬂeu canfyddiadau a safbwyntiau, cyﬂwyno dadleuon.

en-gb	• Access to non-ﬁction text types, including instructional and explanation writing.
cy-gb	• Mynediad i destunau ffeithiol, gan gynnwys deunydd cyfarwyddo ac ysgrifennu esboniadol.

en-gb	• Number, data and statistics.
cy-gb	• Rhif, data ac ystadegau.

en-gb	• Presentation of ﬁndings from inquiry.
cy-gb	• Cyﬂwyno canfyddiadau ymholiadau.

en-gb	Progression step 1  Inquiry
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 1  Ymholi

en-gb	• multisensory experiential learning
cy-gb	• dysgu arbrofol amlsynhwyraidd

en-gb	• a rich learning environment indoors and outdoors
cy-gb	• amgylchedd dysgu cyfoethog dan do ac yn yr awyr agored

en-gb	• using a range of tools to observe and explore, e.g. magnifying tools and cameras.
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o offer i arsylwi ac archwilio, e.e. offer chwyddhau a chamerâu.

en-gb	• follow simple instructions and work safely.
cy-gb	• dilyn cyfarwyddiadau syml a gweithio’n ddiogel.

en-gb	• adults showing them how to make connections between life experiences and investigations
cy-gb	• oedolion yn dangos iddynt sut i greu cysylltiadau rhwng proﬁadau bywyd ac ymchwiliadau

en-gb	• different types of inquiry, including out-of-classroom learning, pattern seeking, classifying and identifying, exploring, making things and investigating models.
cy-gb	• gwahanol fathau o ymholiadau, gan gynnwys dysgu y tu allan i’r ystafell ddosbarth, chwilio am batrymau, dosbarthu ac adnabod, archwilio, gwneud pethau ac ymchwilio i fodelau.

en-gb	• work safely and be aware of risks
cy-gb	• gweithio’n ddiogel a bod yn ymwybodol o risg

en-gb	• use a range of appropriate scientiﬁc equipment to observe, measure and record.
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o offer gwyddonol priodol i arsylwi, mesur a chofnodi.

en-gb	• opportunities to reduce, reuse and recycle.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i leihau, ailddefnyddio ac ailgylchu.

en-gb	• that some of their actions may impact on their local environment and the wider world.
cy-gb	• y gall rhai o’u gweithredoedd effeithio ar eu hamgylchedd lleol ac ar y byd ehangach.

en-gb	Progression step 3 
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 3

en-gb	• using technologies, directly or indirectly, to observe a range of phenomena
cy-gb	• defnyddio technolegau, yn uniongyrchol neu’n anuniongyrchol, i arsylwi ar amrywiaeth o ffenomena

en-gb	• different types of inquiry, including out-of-classroom learning, fair testing, pattern seeking, classifying and identifying, exploring, making things and investigating models.
cy-gb	• gwahanol fathau o ymholiadau, gan gynnwys dysgu y tu allan i’r ystafell ddosbarth, proﬁ  teg, chwilio am batrymau, dosbarthu ac adnabod, archwilio, gwneud pethau ac ymchwilio i fodelau.

en-gb	• how different types of variables may impact on results of investigations.
cy-gb	• sut y gall gwahanol fathau o newidynnau effeithio ar ganlyniadau ymchwiliadau.

en-gb	• make predictions when appropriate
cy-gb	• rhagfynegi lle y bo’n briodol

en-gb	• be aware of risks and take necessary actions to control risks and hazards
cy-gb	• bod yn ymwybodol o risg a chymryd camau gweithredu angenrheidiol er mwyn rheoli risg a pheryglon

en-gb	• use a range of appropriate equipment and digital technology to observe, measure and record.
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o offer a thechnoleg ddigidol briodol i arsylwi, mesur a chofnodi.

en-gb	• using models to develop understanding.
cy-gb	• sut i ddefnyddio modelau i ddatblygu dealltwriaeth.

en-gb	• a range of scientiﬁc claims, including those which are current or which are relevant to their everyday lives
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o honiadau gwyddonol, gan gynnwys y rheini sy’n gyfredol neu’n berthnasol i’w bywydau pob-dydd

en-gb	• opportunities to debate and articulate opinions about scientiﬁc claims.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i drafod a lleisio barn ar honiadau gwyddonol.

en-gb	• that current and past scientiﬁc investigation and technological developments can have both positive and negative effects on society.
cy-gb	• y gall ymchwiliadau gwyddonol a datblygiadau technolegol cyfredol a blaenorol gael effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol ar gymdeithas.

en-gb	• consider the credibility of evidence.
cy-gb	• ystyried hygrededd tystiolaeth.

en-gb	• debating the beneﬁts and drawbacks of technology and scientiﬁc activity
cy-gb	• trafod manteision ac anfanteision technoleg a gweithgarwch gwyddonol

en-gb	• researching the effects of human activity on their local environment and the wider world.
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i effeithiau gweithgarwch dynol ar eu hamgylchedd lleol a’r byd ehangach.

en-gb	• how industry past and present has impacted on human health and the environment.
cy-gb	• sut mae diwydiant, yn y gorffennol a’r presennol, wedi effeithio ar iechyd pobl a’r amgylchedd.

en-gb	• describe how the choices we make affect the natural world, society, ourselves and others
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo sut mae’r dewisiadau a wneir gennym yn effeithio ar y byd naturiol, cymdeithas, pobl eraill ac arnom ni ein hunain

en-gb	• develop and evaluate informed strategies to minimise the negative impact of human activity.
cy-gb	• datblygu a gwerthuso strategaethau gwybodus er mwyn lleihau effaith negyddol gweithgarwch dynol.

en-gb	• using technologies, directly or indirectly, to observe a range of scientiﬁc and technological phenomena
cy-gb	• defnyddio technolegau, yn uniongyrchol neu’n anuniongyrchol, i arsylwi ar amrywiaeth o ffenomena gwyddonol a thechnolegol

en-gb	• different types of inquiry, including out-of-classroom learning, fair testing, pattern seeking, classifying and identifying, exploring, making things and investigating models.
cy-gb	• gwahanol fathau o ymholiadau, gan gynnwys dysgu y tu allan i’r ystafell ddosbarth,  proﬁ teg, chwilio am batrymau, dosbarthu ac adnabod, archwilio, gwneud pethau ac  ymchwilio i fodelau.

en-gb	• how to recognise different types of variables and how they may impact on the results of investigations
cy-gb	• sut i gydnabod gwahanol fathau o newidynnau a sut y gallant effeithio ar ganlyniadau ymchwiliadau

en-gb	• when digital technologies can enhance an inquiry.
cy-gb	• pryd y gall technolegau digidol wella ymholiad.

en-gb	• identify risks and take necessary actions to control risks and hazards
cy-gb	• adnabod risg a chymryd camau angenrheidiol i reoli risg a pheryglon

en-gb	• choose and use a range of appropriate equipment and digital technology to observe, measure and record.
cy-gb	• dewis a defnyddio amrywiaeth o offer a thechnoleg ddigidol briodol i arsylwi, mesur a chofnodi.

en-gb	• that some models are essential in developing an understanding of key scientiﬁc and technological ideas.
cy-gb	• bod rhai modelau yn hanfodol er mwyn meithrin dealltwriaeth o syniadau gwyddonol a thechnolegol allweddol.

en-gb	• use models to explain and predict behaviour under a range of different conditions
cy-gb	• defnyddio modelau i egluro a rhagfynegi ymddygiad o dan amrywiaeth o amodau gwahanol

en-gb	• use, make, evaluate and reﬁne models.
cy-gb	• defnyddio, gwneud, gwerthuso a mireinio modelau.

en-gb	• a range of scientiﬁc claims that vary in terms of validity, reliability and credibility
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o honiadau gwyddonol sy’n amrywio o ran dilysrwydd, dibynadwyedd a hygrededd

en-gb	• ﬁlter evidence in terms of its validity, reliability and credibility.
cy-gb	• hidlo tystiolaeth o ran dilysrwydd, dibynadwyedd a hygrededd.

en-gb	• researching the effects of human activity on their local environment and the wider world.
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i effeithiau gweithgarwch dynol ar eu hamgylchedd lleol ac ar y byd ehangach.

en-gb	• how industry past and present has impacted on human health and the environment
cy-gb	• sut mae diwydiant, yn y gorffennol a’r presennol, wedi effeithio ar iechyd pobl a’r amgylchedd

en-gb	• why some scientiﬁc and technological developments have been controversial.
cy-gb	• pam mae rhai datblygiadau gwyddonol a thechnolegol wedi bod yn ddadleuol.

en-gb	• develop and evaluate informed strategies to minimise the negative impact of human activity
cy-gb	• datblygu a gwerthuso strategaethau gwybodus er mwyn lleihau effaith negyddol gweithgarwch dynol

en-gb	• explain how a range of factors, including environmental and economic considerations, have shaped society’s decisions.
cy-gb	• egluro sut mae amrywiaeth o ffactorau, gan gynnwys ystyriaethau amgylcheddol ac economaidd, wedi llywio penderfyniadau cymdeithas.

en-gb	• how to recognise different types of variables and how they may impact upon results of investigations
cy-gb	• sut i gydnabod gwahanol fathau o newidynnau a sut y gallant effeithio ar ganlyniadau ymchwiliadau

en-gb	• comparing and contrasting different models
cy-gb	• cymharu a chyferbynnu gwahanol fodelau

en-gb	• studying previous models and how they have been advanced and reﬁned due to scientiﬁc  and technological discoveries
cy-gb	• astudio modelau blaenorol a sut maent wedi cael eu datblygu a’u mireinio yn sgil darganfyddiadau gwyddonol a thechnolegol

en-gb	• utilising their analytical and creative skills to produce models
cy-gb	• defnyddio eu sgiliau dadansoddol a chreadigol i gynhyrchu modelau

en-gb	• using models to solve problems and overcome challenges.
cy-gb	• defnyddio modelau i ddatrys problemau a dod i ben â heriau.

en-gb	• construct, use, evaluate and reﬁne models.
cy-gb	• llunio, defnyddio, gwerthuso a mireinio modelau.

en-gb	• a range of evidence that varies in terms of validity, reliability and credibility
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o dystiolaeth sy’n amrywio o ran dilysrwydd, dibynadwyedd a hygrededd

en-gb	• opportunities to debate and articulate opinions about evidence.
cy-gb	• cyﬂe i drafod a lleisio barn ar dystiolaeth.

en-gb	• how industry past and present has impacted on human health and the environment
cy-gb	• sut mae diwydiant yn y gorffennol a’r presennol wedi effeithio ar iechyd pobl a’r amgylchedd

en-gb	• explain how a range of factors, including environmental and economic considerations, have shaped society’s decisions.
cy-gb	• egluro sut mae amrywiaeth o ffactorau, gan gynnwys ffactorau amgylcheddol ac economaidd, wedi llywio penderfyniadau cymdeithas.

en-gb	Science and Technology 28
cy-gb	Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg 30

en-gb	In Science and Technology, learners use experiences and apply their skills and knowledge to design and shape innovative engineered solutions.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, mae dysgwyr yn defnyddio eu proﬁadau ac yn cymhwyso eu sgiliau a’u gwybodaeth er mwyn dylunio a llunio datrysiadau peirianyddol arloesol.

en-gb	The application of engineering processes allows learners to develop accuracy, precision, dexterity and craftsmanship.
cy-gb	Drwy gymhwyso prosesau peirianyddol, mae dysgwyr yn cael cyﬂe i ddatblygu cywirdeb, manylder, deheurwydd a chrefftwriaeth.

en-gb	By designing and engineering outcomes in response to needs, wants or difﬁculties, learners become enterprising problem-solvers who are well placed to contribute to society.
cy-gb	Drwy ddylunio a chreu canlyniadau mewn ymateb i anghenion, dymuniadau neu broblemau, mae dysgwyr yn dod yn ddatryswyr problem blaengar sydd mewn sefyllfa dda i gyfrannu at gymdeithas.

en-gb	• Learners’ thinking develops from abstract to concrete.
cy-gb	• Mae meddwl dysgwyr yn datblygu o’r haniaethol i’r diriaethol.

en-gb	• Learners begin by recognising single factors and develop to be able to consider multiple factors.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn dechrau drwy gydnabod ffactorau unigol ac yn datblygu i allu ystyried ffactorau lluosog.

en-gb	• Learners develop simple skills through imitation and manipulation, moving towards more elaborate skills that enable perfecting and articulating.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn datblygu sgiliau syml trwy ddynwared a thrin a thrafod, gan symud tuag at sgiliau mwy cywrain sy’n galluogi perffeithio ac egluro.

en-gb	• Learners begin with an egocentric view but progress to consideration of others and of the wider world.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn dechrau drwy feddu ar safbwynt myfïol ond maent yn datblygu i allu ystyried eraill a’r byd ehangach.

en-gb	• Learners move from imitation to the creation of original content.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn symud o ddynwared i greu cynnwys gwreiddiol.

en-gb	Design context and innovative thinking
cy-gb	Cyd-destun dylunio a meddwl arloesol

en-gb	I can design while I make during play.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddylunio wrth i mi wneud pethau wrth chwarae.

en-gb	Design communication
cy-gb	Cyﬂeu syniadau dylunio

en-gb	I can communicate about what I am making.
cy-gb	Gallaf gyﬂeu’r hyn rwyf yn ei wneud.

en-gb	Prototyping and making
cy-gb	Prototeipio a gwneud

en-gb	I can safely use simple tools, materials and equipment to construct and deconstruct.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio offer, defnyddiau a chyfarpar syml yn ddiogel er mwyn adeiladu a dadadeiladu.

en-gb	I can produce designs from my own ideas in response to particular contexts.
cy-gb	Gallaf gynhyrchu dyluniadau yn seiliedig ar fy syniadau fy hun mewn ymateb i gyd-destunau penodol.

en-gb	Design decision-making
cy-gb	Gwneud penderfyniadau dylunio

en-gb	I can make design decisions using my knowledge of materials and existing products.
cy-gb	Gallaf wneud penderfyniadau dylunio gan ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am ddefnyddiau a chynhyrchion sy’n bodoli eisoes.

en-gb	I can improve my designs as a result of evaluation.
cy-gb	Gallaf wella fy nyluniadau o ganlyniad i waith gwerthuso.

en-gb	I can communicate my design ideas before making.
cy-gb	Gallaf gyﬂeu fy syniadau dylunio cyn gwneud.

en-gb	Systems thinking
cy-gb	Meddylfryd systemau

en-gb	I can explore how different component parts work together.
cy-gb	Gallaf ystyried sut mae gwahanol gydrannau yn cydweithio.

en-gb	I can safely use a range of tools, materials and equipment to construct for a variety of reasons.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o offer, defnyddiau a chyfarpar yn ddiogel er mwyn adeiladu am amrywiaeth o resymau.

en-gb	I can use basic prototyping to improve my outcomes.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio dulliau prototeipio sylfaenol i wella fy nghanlyniadau.

en-gb	I can creatively respond to the needs and wants of the user, based on the context and on the evidence collected.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymateb yn greadigol i anghenion a dymuniadau’r defnyddiwr, ar sail y cyd-destun a’r dystiolaeth a gesglir.

en-gb	I can identify and consider factors and limitations when developing design proposals.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod ac ystyried ffactorau a chyfyngiadau wrth ddatblygu cynigion dylunio.

en-gb	I can test and reﬁne my design decisions without fear of failure.
cy-gb	Gallaf broﬁ a mireinio fy mhenderfyniadau dylunio heb ofni methu.

en-gb	I can apply my knowledge and skills to make my design decisions.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymhwyso fy ngwybodaeth a’m sgiliau er mwyn gwneud fy mhenderfyniadau dylunio.

en-gb	I can consider how my design proposals will improve on existing products and how they may affect the environment.
cy-gb	Gallaf ystyried sut y bydd fy nghynigion dylunio yn gwella ar gynhyrchion sy’n bodoli eisoes a sut y gallant effeithio ar yr amgylchedd.

en-gb	I can use communication methods to develop and present ideas clearly, and to respond to feedback.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio dulliau cyfathrebu i ddatblygu a chyﬂwyno syniadau yn glir, gan ymateb i adborth.

en-gb	I can combine component parts, materials and processes to achieve functionality and improve the effectiveness of my outcome.
cy-gb	Gallaf gyfuno cydrannau, defnyddiau a phrosesau er mwyn sicrhau bod y cyfan yn weithredol ac i wella effeithiolrwydd fy nghanlyniad.

en-gb	I can select and safely use appropriate tools, materials and equipment to methodically construct purposeful outcomes.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddewis a defnyddio offer, defnyddiau a chyfarpar priodol yn ddiogel i sicrhau canlyniadau pwrpasol mewn ffordd resymegol.

en-gb	I can use prototyping as a link between my designing and making.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio dull prototeipio fel cyswllt rhwng dylunio a gwneud.

en-gb	I can work responsibly, taking into account environment and societal impacts.
cy-gb	Gallaf weithio mewn ffordd gyfrifol gan ystyried effeithiau ar yr amgylchedd ac ar gymdeithas.

en-gb	I can draw inspiration from, investigate and analyse a range of sources, and use these when working in real-world contexts.
cy-gb	Gallaf gael fy ysbrydoli gan amrywiaeth o ffynonellau, ymchwilio iddynt a’u dadansoddi,a’u defnyddio wrth i mi weithio mewn cyd-destunau bywyd go iawn.

en-gb	I can recognise and act upon user needs and wants in increasingly challenging contexts.
cy-gb	Gallaf gydnabod anghenion a dymuniadau defnyddwyr a gweithredu arnynt mewn cyd-destunau cynyddol heriol.

en-gb	I can identify and prioritise factors and limitations to inform my design proposals.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod a blaenoriaethu ffactorau a chyfyngiadau er mwyn llywio fy nghynigion dylunio.

en-gb	I can adopt an iterative process that informs and improves my design thinking.
cy-gb	Gallaf fabwysiadu proses iterus sy’n llywio ac yn gwella fy meddylfryd dylunio.

en-gb	I can use new knowledge and skills to support my design decisions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio gwybodaeth a sgiliau newydd i’m helpu gyda’m penderfyniadau dylunio.

en-gb	I can adapt and improve my design proposals while minimising the negative impact on the environment and society.
cy-gb	Gallaf addasu fy nghynigion dylunio a’u gwella gan leihau’r effaith negyddol ar yr amgylchedd ac ar y gymdeithas.

en-gb	I can use a variety of design communication methods and techniques to develop and present ideas clearly, and I can respond constructively to feedback during this process.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o ddulliau a thechnegau cyfathrebu dylunio er mwyn datblygu a chyﬂwyno syniadau yn glir, a gallaf ymateb yn adeiladol i adborth yn ystod y broses hon.

en-gb	I can investigate, evaluate, select and combine component parts, materials or processes to improve the functionality and effectiveness of my outcome.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio, gwerthuso, dethol a chyfuno cydrannau, defnyddiau neu brosesau er mwyn gwella ymarferoldeb ac effeithiolrwydd fy nghanlyniad.

en-gb	I can select and safely use specialist tools and techniques in order to improve the efﬁciency of my product development.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddewis a defnyddio offer a thechnegau arbenigol yn ddiogel er mwyn gwella effeithlonrwydd fy ymdrechion i ddatblygu cynnyrch.

en-gb	I can use prototyping techniques to test ideas and support my making.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio technegau prototeipio i broﬁ syniadau a helpu gyda’m gwaith gwneud.

en-gb	I can use my making skills and knowledge of materials to produce quality and purposeful outcomes.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio fy sgiliau gwneud a’m gwybodaeth am ddefnyddiau i gynhyrchu canlyniadau pwrpasol a safonol.

en-gb	I can evaluate and apply responsible habits of working which take into account environmental and societal impacts.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso a chymhwyso arferion gweithio cyfrifol sy’n ystyried effeithiau amgylcheddol a chymdeithasol.

en-gb	I have considered how users and wider society will interact with the outcomes I produce.
cy-gb	Rwyf wedi ystyried sut y bydd defnyddwyr a chymdeithas ehangach yn rhyngweithio â’r canlyniadau a gynhyrchir gennyf.

en-gb	I can analyse and draw inspiration from multiple sources to generate proposals that are innovative and diverse.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddadansoddi a chael ysbrydoliaeth o sawl ffynhonnell, er mwyn llunio cynigion sy’n arloesol ac yn amrywiol.

en-gb	I can tackle challenging problems, on my own and with others, to address design requirements in increasingly unfamiliar contexts.
cy-gb	Gallaf fynd i’r afael â phroblemau anodd, ar fy mhen fy hun a chydag eraill, er mwyn ymdrin â gofynion dylunio mewn cyd-destunau cynyddol anghyfarwydd.

en-gb	I can prioritise and justify multiple design factors and limitations to improve the effectiveness of my design decisions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ﬂaenoriaethu a chyﬁawnhau ffactorau lluosog a chyfyngiadau dylunio er mwyn gwella effeithiolrwydd fy mhenderfyniadau dylunio.

en-gb	I can iteratively evaluate and modify my design proposals when tackling challenging problems.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso ac addasu fy nghynigion dylunio mewn modd iterus wrth ymdrin â phroblemau heriol.

en-gb	I can independently identify strategies to develop my design solutions.
cy-gb	Gallaf fwrw ati’n annibynnol i adnabod strategaethau i ddatblygu fy natrysiadau dylunio.

en-gb	I can consider both potential intended and unintended consequences of my designs, and those of others, in order to adapt and justify proposals.
cy-gb	Gallaf ystyried canlyniadau bwriadol ac anfwriadol posibl fy nyluniadau, ynghyd â dyluniadau a wnaed gan eraill, er mwyn addasu a chyﬁawnhau cynigion.

en-gb	I can communicate my design thinking effectively and engage constructively with the feedback I receive to address the needs and wants of users.
cy-gb	Gallaf gyﬂeu fy meddylfryd dylunio yn effeithiol a mynd i’r afael yn adeiladol â’r adborth a gaf er mwyn diwallu anghenion a bodloni gofynion defnyddwyr.

en-gb	I can independently select, justify and combine component parts, materials and processes to improve functionality.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddewis, cyﬁawnhau a chyfuno cydrannau, defnyddiau a phrosesau yn annibynnol er mwyn gwella ymarferoldeb.

en-gb	I can continually evaluate the effectiveness of my outcome.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso effeithiolrwydd fy nghanlyniad yn barhaus.

en-gb	I can select and perform complex multi-stage tasks independently, safely and effectively, while using specialist equipment with precision.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddewis a chyﬂawni tasgau aml-gam cymhleth yn effeithiol mewn ffordd annibynnol a diogel, gan ddefnyddio offer arbenigol mewn ffordd fanwl gywir.

en-gb	I can independently select and apply high-ﬁdelity and low-ﬁdelity prototyping to test ideas, materials and structures, highlighting issues and exploring concepts.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddewis a chymhwyso prototeipiau manwl a bras yn annibynnol er mwyn rhoi syniadau, defnyddiau a strwythurau ar brawf, gan amlygu ystyriaethau ac archwilio cysyniadau.

en-gb	I can use my making skills and knowledge of materials to produce high-quality and effective outcomes.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio fy sgiliau gwneud a’m gwybodaeth am ddefnyddiau i gynhyrchu canlyniadau effeithiol o ansawdd uchel.

en-gb	I can apply and justify responsible habits of working which account for environmental and societal impacts.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymhwyso a chyﬁawnhau arferion gweithio cyfrifol sy’n ystyried effeithiau amgylcheddol a chymdeithasol.

en-gb	I can analyse and evaluate the success of an outcome on many levels, including its impact on the user and wider society.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddadansoddi a gwerthuso sut y gellir pennu llwyddiant canlyniad ar sawl lefel, gan gynnwys ei effaith ar y defnyddiwr ac ar y gymdeithas ehangach.

en-gb	This section suggests where learning can be enriched through drawing links between other what matters statements across the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience.
cy-gb	Mae’r adran hon yn awgrymu lle gellid cyfoethogi dysgu drwy wneud cysylltiadau rhwng y datganiadau o’r hyn sy’n bwysig ar draws Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	• The composition, properties and uses of materials links to the atomic nature of matter.
cy-gb	• Cyfansoddiad defnyddiau, eu priodweddau a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt yn gysylltiedig â’r datganiad mater.

en-gb	• The implications of scientiﬁc developments and resource limitations on design decisions,including environmental, social, cultural and ethical issues.
cy-gb	• Goblygiadau datblygiadau gwyddonol a chyfyngiadau o ran adnoddau ar benderfyniadau dylunio, gan gynnwys materion amgylcheddol, cymdeithasol, diwylliannol a moesegol.

en-gb	• The role of energy in design and engineered systems.
cy-gb	• Rôl egni wrth ddylunio ac mewn systemau peirianyddol.

en-gb	• Living things and how nature provides inspiration for design.
cy-gb	• Pethau byw o ran sut mae natur yn darparu ysbrydoliaeth wrth ddylunio.

en-gb	• Scientiﬁc and technological reasoning regarding observing, measuring and predicting when making design decisions, including sourcing and physical properties of materials.
cy-gb	• Rhesymu gwyddonol a thechnolegol o ran arsylwi, mesur a rhagfynegi wrth wneud  penderfyniadau dylunio, gan gynnwys dod o hyd i ddefnyddiau a phriodweddau fﬁsegol  y defnyddiau hynny.

en-gb	• Energy and forces for underpinning principles used for powering and controlling outcomes.
cy-gb	• Egni a grymoedd er mwyn ategu’r egwyddorion a ddefnyddir i rymuso a rheoli canlyniadau.

en-gb	• The framework for creating innovative creative outcomes expressed through computation.
cy-gb	• Mynegi’r fframwaith ar gyfer creu canlyniadau creadigol arloesol drwy gyfriﬁant.

en-gb	It also suggests where different elements of learning could be considered together in order to support more holistic learning.
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn awgrymu ymhle gellid ystyried gwahanol elfennau o ddysgu gyda’i gilydd er mwyn cefnogi dysgu sy’n fwy holistaidd.

en-gb	• The processes of designing and making.
cy-gb	• Prosesau dylunio a gwneud.

en-gb	• Developing motor skills in using tools.
cy-gb	• Datblygu sgiliau echddygol wrth ddefnyddio offer.

en-gb	• Creativity in design.
cy-gb	• Creadigrwydd mewn dylunio.

en-gb	• The use of materials, equipment and sound.
cy-gb	• Defnyddio defnyddiau, cyfarpar a sain.

en-gb	• Inquiry using sources and evidence.
cy-gb	• Ymholi gan ddefnyddio ffynonellau a thystiolaeth.

en-gb	• People in past societies and their inﬂuence on today.
cy-gb	• Pobl mewn cymdeithasau blaenorol a’u dylanwad ar heddiw.

en-gb	• The evolution of Science and Technology.
cy-gb	• Esblygiad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg.

en-gb	• The effects of waste and use of natural resources on the environment.
cy-gb	• Effeithiau gwastraff a defnyddio adnoddau naturiol ar yr amgylchedd.

en-gb	• Social, economic and technological developments and their effect on employment.
cy-gb	• Datblygiadau cymdeithasol, economaidd a thechnolegol a’u heffaith ar gyﬂogaeth.

en-gb	• Entrepreneurship and design technology.
cy-gb	• Entrepreneuriaeth a thechnoleg dylunio.

en-gb	• Nutrition and food technology.
cy-gb	• Maeth a thechnoleg bwyd.

en-gb	• Communicating opinions and design, presenting explanations.
cy-gb	• Cyﬂeu safbwyntiau a syniadau dylunio, cyﬂwyno esboniadau.

en-gb	• Access to factual texts.
cy-gb	• Mynediad i destunau ffeithiol.

en-gb	• The consideration of variables and the development of reasoning.
cy-gb	• Ystyried newidynnau a datblygu dulliau rhesymu.

en-gb	• Calculating in space and shape.
cy-gb	• Cyfrifo gofod a siâp.

en-gb	• The presentation of ﬁndings from design.
cy-gb	• Cyﬂwyno canfyddiadau o waith dylunio.

en-gb	Design context and innovative thinking Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Cyd-destun dylunio a meddwl arloesol Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• rich indoor and outdoor environments that support making.
cy-gb	• amgylcheddau cyfoethog dan do ac yn yr awyr agored sy’n eu helpu gyda’u gwaith gwneud.

en-gb	• opportunities, while they are making, to communicate their design ideas to an adult
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd, yn ystod eu gwaith gwneud, i gyﬂeu eu syniadau dylunio i oedolyn

en-gb	• adults playing alongside them and supporting their thinking through sensitive questioning.
cy-gb	• oedolion yn chwarae wrth eu hymyl ac yn eu helpu i feddwl drwy gwestiynu sensitif.

en-gb	• using a range of tools and equipment safely indoors and outdoors.
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o offer a chyfarpar yn ddiogel dan do ac yn yr awyr agored.

en-gb	• manipulate a range of materials, and use tools with increasing dexterity.
cy-gb	• trin amrywiaeth o ddefnyddiau, a defnyddio offer gan ddangos deheurwydd cynyddol.

en-gb	Design context and innovative thinking
cy-gb	Cyd-destun dylunio a meddwl arloesol

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• opportunities to design innovatively for a range of contexts, situations and audiences
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddylunio mewn ffordd arloesol ar gyfer amrywiaeth o gyd-destunau, sefyllfaoedd a chynulleidfaoedd

en-gb	• opportunities to express their ideas through trial and improvement when designing.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i fynegi eu syniadau drwy dreialu a gwella wrth ddylunio.

en-gb	• ﬁnd out about different cultures and contexts to support their design thinking 
cy-gb	• dod i wybod am wahanol ddiwylliannau a chyd-destunau i gefnogi eu meddylfryd dylunio

en-gb	• understand that there is often more than one solution
cy-gb	• deall bod, yn aml, fwy nag un datrysiad

en-gb	• consider needs and wants regarding end users.
cy-gb	• ystyried anghenion a dymuniadau’r defnyddwyr terfynol.

en-gb	Design decision-making
cy-gb	Gwneud penderfyniadau dylunio 

en-gb	• opportunities to develop and improve design proposals, through questioning and evaluating with peers, in a supportive environment
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddatblygu a gwella cynigion dylunio, drwy gwestiynu a gwerthuso gyda chyfoedion, mewn awyrgylch cefnogol

en-gb	• how design tools and strategies can support them in their decision-making.
cy-gb	• sut y gall offer a strategaethau dylunio eu helpu i wneud penderfyniadau.

en-gb	• consider contexts before developing appropriate design proposals
cy-gb	• ystyried cyd-destunau cyn datblygu cynigion dylunio priodol

en-gb	• use existing examples to drive their design thinking
cy-gb	• defnyddio enghreifftiau sy’n bodoli eisoes i lywio eu prosesau meddylfryd dylunio

en-gb	• consider environmental issues within their proposals.
cy-gb	• ystyried materion amgylcheddol fel rhan o’u cynigion.

en-gb	• opportunities to communicate and present design ideas to others in a range of different ways before making.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i gyﬂeu a chyﬂwyno syniadau dylunio i eraill mewn amrywiaeth o wahanol ffyrdd cyn cychwyn ar y gwaith gwneud.

en-gb	• opportunities to adopt a systems-thinking approach that considers how multiple components are integrated as part of the making process.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i fabwysiadu meddylfryd systemau sy’n ystyried sut y caiff cydrannau lluosog eu hintegreiddio fel rhan o’r broses gwneud.

en-gb	• engineer or create outcomes that involve aspects of control, power and structure.
cy-gb	• llunio neu greu canlyniadau sy’n cynnwys agweddau ar reolaeth, pŵer a strwythur.

en-gb	• how the properties of materials affect the functionality of outcomes.
cy-gb	• sut mae priodweddau defnyddiau yn effeithio ar ymarferoldeb canlyniadau.

en-gb	• making a range of things, indoors and outdoors, for a variety of reasons
cy-gb	• gwneud amrywiaeth o bethau am amrywiaeth o resymau, dan do ac yn yr awyr agored

en-gb	• opportunities to engage in both physical and digital making
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ymgymryd â gwaith gwneud fﬁsegol a digidol

en-gb	• engineering or making processes and their application in local areas, through engaging with professionals, experts and craftspeople.
cy-gb	• prosesau peirianyddol neu waith gwneud a’r modd y cânt eu cymhwyso mewn ardaloedd lleol, drwy ymwneud â gweithwyr proffesiynol, arbenigwyr a chrefftwyr.

en-gb	• use a wider range of tools and equipment with increasing dexterity, skill and safety
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth ehangach o offer a chyfarpar gan ddangos deheurwydd, sgiliau a diogelwch cynyddol

en-gb	• manipulate a wider range of materials
cy-gb	• trin amrywiaeth ehangach o ddefnyddiau

en-gb	• apply knowledge and understanding of the properties of materials to support prototyping and making.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o briodweddau defnyddiau er mwyn helpu gyda’r prototeipio a’r gwaith gwneud.

en-gb	• opportunities, where possible, to design in authentic real-life contexts, while also considering speculative future contexts for a range of situations and audiences
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd, lle y bo’n bosibl, i ddylunio o fewn cyd-destunau dilys, bywyd go iawn,  gan ystyried hefyd gyd-destunau damcaniaethol ar gyfer y dyfodol, a hynny mewn perthynas ag amrywiaeth o sefyllfaoedd a chynulleidfaoedd

en-gb	• opportunities for innovative designing that are beyond the constraints of their practical skills, and the availability of materials and equipment.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddylunio mewn ffordd arloesol sydd y tu hwnt i gyfyngiadau eu sgiliau ymarferol,ac argaeledd defnyddiau a chyfarpar.

en-gb	• about different cultures and contexts, where appropriate, to support their design thinking.
cy-gb	• am wahanol ddiwylliannau a chyd-destunau, lle y bo’n briodol, i gefnogi eu meddylfryd dylunio.

en-gb	• apply creativity and imagination to understand that there is often more than one solution
cy-gb	• defnyddio creadigrwydd a dychymyg i ddeall bod fwy nag un datrysiad yn aml

en-gb	• apply innovative thinking through measured risk-taking and a trial-and-improvement approach
cy-gb	• cymhwyso ffordd o feddwl arloesol drwy gymryd risg sydd wedi ei phwyso a’i mesur, a defnyddio dull o dreialu a gwella

en-gb	• develop empathy through considering the needs and wants of end users.
cy-gb	• datblygu empathi drwy ystyried anghenion a dymuniadau defnyddwyr terfynol.

en-gb	• opportunities to examine existing products to inform their designing
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i archwilio cynhyrchion sy’n bodoli eisoes, er mwyn llywio eu gwaith dylunio 

en-gb	• opportunities to develop and improve design proposals, through questioning and evaluating with peers, in a supportive environment
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddatblygu a gwella cynigion dylunio, drwy gwestiynu a gwerthuso gyda chyfoedion, mewn awyrgylch cefnogol

en-gb	• using design tools and strategies to support them in their decision-making.
cy-gb	• defnyddio offer a strategaethau dylunio i’w helpu i wneud penderfyniadau.

en-gb	• about the work of designers across several disciplines and contexts to inform their own design thinking.
cy-gb	• am waith dylunwyr ar draws amrywiaeth o ddisgyblaethau a chyd-destunau, er mwyn llywio eu meddylfryd dylunio.

en-gb	• justify design decisions based on factors, e.g. aesthetic, constructional and marketing considerations
cy-gb	• cyﬁawnhau penderfyniadau dylunio yn seiliedig ar ffactorau, e.e. ystyriaethau esthetig, adeiladol a marchnata

en-gb	• use primary and secondary sources to investigate context and drive their design thinking
cy-gb	• defnyddio ffynonellau sylfaenol ac eilaidd i ymchwilio i gyd-destun a llywio eu meddylfryd dylunio

en-gb	• consider environmental and ethical issues in their proposals.
cy-gb	• ystyried materion amgylcheddol a moesegol fel rhan o’u cynigion.

en-gb	• opportunities where they can develop visual literacy skills.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd lle y gallant feithrin sgiliau llythrennedd gweledol.

en-gb	• develop and select the most appropriate visual communication methods that support development of design ideas
cy-gb	• datblygu a dewis y dulliau cyfathrebu gweledol mwyaf priodol, sy’n ategu’r broses o ddatblygu syniadau dylunio

en-gb	• use prototyping as a form of design communication.
cy-gb	• defnyddio dulliau prototeipio fel ffordd o gyﬂeu syniadau dylunio.

en-gb	• how both collaborative and independent working leads to effective engineering outcomes.
cy-gb	• sut y mae gweithio cydweithredol a gweithio annibynnol yn arwain at ganlyniadau peirianyddol effeithiol.

en-gb	• how the properties of appropriate materials and the effectiveness of techniques will affect the functionality of outcomes
cy-gb	• sut y bydd priodweddau defnyddiau priodol ac effeithiolrwydd technegau yn effeithio ar ymarferoldeb canlyniadau

en-gb	• about a systems-thinking approach that considers how multiple components are integrated as part of the making process.
cy-gb	• am feddylfryd systemau sy’n ystyried sut y caiff cydrannau lluosog eu hintegreiddio fel rhan o’r broses gwneud.

en-gb	• engage in making that combines components in a system to give structure, control and power.
cy-gb	• cymryd rhan mewn gwaith gwneud sy’n cyfuno cydrannau mewn system sy’n rhoi strwythur, rheolaeth a phŵer.

en-gb	• opportunities to work in different environments
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i weithio mewn gwahanol amgylcheddau

en-gb	• engagement with professionals, experts and craftspeople to broaden their experiences of engineering processes
cy-gb	• ymwneud â gweithwyr proffesiynol, arbenigwyr a chrefftwyr er mwyn ehangu eu proﬁadau o brosesau peirianyddol

en-gb	• opportunities to develop practical making skills without the need for designing.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i feithrin sgiliau gwaith gwneud ymarferol heb fod angen dylunio.

en-gb	• apply their knowledge of the working properties of materials and associated techniques to support prototyping and making
cy-gb	• cymhwyso eu gwybodaeth am briodweddau gweithredol defnyddiau a thechnegau cysylltiedig er mwyn helpu gyda’r gwaith prototeipio a gwneud

en-gb	• develop manual dexterity, accuracy, precision and craftsmanship through use of tools, utensils, equipment, appropriate materials and ingredients
cy-gb	• datblygu deheurwydd, cywirdeb, manylder a chrefftwriaeth drwy ddefnyddio offer, taclau, cyfarpar, defnyddiau priodol a chynhwysion

en-gb	• engage in physical, electronic and digital making.
cy-gb	• ymgymryd â gwaith gwneud fﬁsegol, electronig a digidol.

en-gb	• acquire and apply new knowledge of different cultures and contexts to inform their design thinking
cy-gb	• caffael a chymhwyso gwybodaeth newydd am wahanol ddiwylliannau a chyd-destunau, er mwyn llywio eu prosesau meddylfryd dylunio

en-gb	• apply creativity and imagination to understand there is often more than one solution
cy-gb	• defnyddio creadigrwydd a dychymyg i ddeall bod fwy nag un datrysiad yn aml

en-gb	• adopt innovative thinking through measured risk-taking and a trial-and-improvement approach.
cy-gb	• mabwysiadu ffordd o feddwl arloesol a chadarnhaol drwy gymryd risg sydd wedi ei phwyso a’i mesur, a defnyddio dull o broﬁ a gwella.

en-gb	Design decision-making
cy-gb	Gwneud penderfyniadau dylunio 

en-gb	Learners need to experience:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ: 

en-gb	• opportunities to examine existing products to inform their designing
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i archwilio cynhyrchion sy’n bodoli eisoes er mwyn llywio eu gwaith dylunio

en-gb	• about the work of designers across a range of disciplines and contexts to inform their own design thinking
cy-gb	• am waith dylunwyr ar draws amrywiaeth o ddisgyblaethau a chyd-destunau, er mwyn llywio eu meddylfryd dylunio eu hunain

en-gb	• about emerging materials and technologies, and the new properties and possibilities they offer
cy-gb	• am ddefnyddiau a thechnolegau sy’n ymddangos o’r newydd, a’r priodweddau a’r posibiliadau newydd y maent yn eu cynnig

en-gb	• about circular design approaches and planned obsolescence.
cy-gb	• am ddulliau dylunio cylchol a darfodiad bwriadus.

en-gb	• analyse contexts and develop design proposals through questioning and evaluating with others
cy-gb	• dadansoddi cyd-destunau a datblygu cynigion dylunio drwy gwestiynu a gwerthuso gydag eraill

en-gb	• justify design decisions based on factors such as conceptual, technical, aesthetic, constructional and marketing considerations
cy-gb	• cyﬁawnhau penderfyniadau dylunio yn seiliedig ar ffactorau megis ystyriaethau cysyniadol, technegol, esthetig, adeiladol a marchnata

en-gb	• apply technological and scientiﬁc knowledge to support design decisions 
cy-gb	• defnyddio gwybodaeth dechnolegol a gwyddonol i gefnogi penderfyniadau dylunio

en-gb	• investigate and analyse primary and secondary sources to inspire design thinking
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i ffynonellau sylfaenol ac eilaidd a’u dadansoddi er mwyn ysbrydoli prosesau meddylfryd dylunio

en-gb	• consider environmental, social, cultural and ethical issues within their proposals.
cy-gb	• ystyried materion amgylcheddol, cymdeithasol, diwylliannol a moesegol fel rhan o’u cynigion.

en-gb	• opportunities where they can develop their visual literacy skills.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd lle y gallant feithrin eu sgiliau llythrennedd gweledol.

en-gb	• use prototyping as a form of design communication
cy-gb	• defnyddio dulliau prototeipio fel ffordd o gyﬂeu syniadau dylunio

en-gb	• select and apply the most effective methods for both communication and developing their ideas, and respond constructively to feedback from knowledgeable others.
cy-gb	• dewis a chymhwyso’r dulliau mwyaf effeithiol ar gyfer cyﬂeu a datblygu eu syniadau,ac ymateb mewn ffordd adeiladol i adborth gan bobl eraill hyddysg.

en-gb	• how both collaborative and independent working leads to effective engineering outcomes
cy-gb	• sut mae cydweithio a gweithio annibynnol yn arwain at ganlyniadau peirianyddol effeithiol

en-gb	• how systems and processes are used in engineering and manufacturing environments.
cy-gb	• sut y caiff systemau a phrosesau eu defnyddio mewn amgylcheddau peirianneg a gweithgynhyrchu.

en-gb	• how the properties of materials will affect the functionality of outcomes.
cy-gb	• sut y bydd priodweddau defnyddiau yn effeithio ar ymarferoldeb canlyniadau.

en-gb	• apply a systems-thinking approach where multiple components or parts are integrated in the making process
cy-gb	• cymhwyso meddylfryd systemau lle caiff cydrannau neu rannau lluosog eu hintegreiddio fel rhan o’r broses gwneud

en-gb	• engage in making that combines components into a system that gives structure, control and power.
cy-gb	• ymgymryd â gwaith gwneud sy’n cyfuno cydrannau mewn system sy’n rhoi strwythur,rheolaeth a phŵer.

en-gb	• engagement with professionals, experts and craftspeople to broaden their experiences of engineering and making processes
cy-gb	• ymwneud â gweithwyr proffesiynol, arbenigwyr a chrefftwyr er mwyn ehangu eu proﬁadau o brosesau peirianneg a gwaith gwneud

en-gb	• using high-ﬁdelity and low-ﬁdelity prototyping to test ideas, materials and structures, highlighting issues and exploring concepts
cy-gb	• defnyddio prototeipiau manwl a bras er mwyn proﬁ syniadau, defnyddiau a strwythurau, gan amlygu ystyriaethau ac archwilio cysyniadau

en-gb	• the interdisciplinary nature of engineering across a breadth of disciplines.
cy-gb	• am natur amlddisgyblaethol peirianneg ar draws amrywiaeth eang o ddisgyblaethau.

en-gb	• apply knowledge and understanding of the working properties of a range of materials and associated techniques to support prototyping and making
cy-gb	• cymhwyso gwybodaeth a dealltwriaeth o briodweddau gweithredol amrywiaeth o ddefnyddiau a thechnegau cysylltiedig, er mwyn helpu’r gwaith prototeipio a gwneud

en-gb	• develop manual dexterity, accuracy, precision and craftsmanship through use of a range of tools, utensils, equipment, materials and ingredients
cy-gb	• datblygu deheurwydd, cywirdeb, manylder a chrefftwriaeth drwy ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o offer, taclau, cyfarpar, defnyddiau a chynhwysion

en-gb	• engage in both physical, electronic and digital making.
cy-gb	• ymgymryd â gwaith gwneud fﬁsegol, electronig a digidol.

en-gb	• opportunities for innovative designing that are beyond the constraints of their practical skills, and the availability of materials and equipment.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddylunio mewn ffordd arloesol sydd y tu hwnt i gyfyngiadau eu sgiliau ymarferol, ac argaeledd defnyddiau a chyfarpar.

en-gb	• independently identify authentic real-life contexts, while also considering speculative future contexts, for a range of situations and audiences
cy-gb	• adnabod cyd-destunau dilys, bywyd go iawn yn annibynnol, gan ystyried hefyd gyd-destunau damcaniaethol ar gyfer y dyfodol, a hynny mewn perthynas ag amrywiaeth o sefyllfaoedd a chynulleidfaoedd

en-gb	• acquire and creatively apply new knowledge of different cultures and contexts to inform their design thinking
cy-gb	• caffael a chymhwyso gwybodaeth newydd am wahanol ddiwylliannau a chyd-destunau mewn ffordd greadigol, er mwyn llywio eu prosesau meddylfryd dylunio

en-gb	• utilise their creativity and imagination to explore numerous proposals
cy-gb	• defnyddio eu creadigrwydd a’u dychymyg i archwilio nifer o gynigion

en-gb	• implement a trial-and-improvement approach through testing, where measured risk-taking leads to innovative thinking.
cy-gb	• rhoi dull treialu a gwella ar waith drwy brawf, lle mae cymryd risg sydd wedi ei phwyso a’i mesur yn arwain at ffordd o feddwl arloesol.

en-gb	Design decision-making Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Gwneud penderfyniadau dylunio Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• about emerging materials and technologies and the new properties and possibilities they offer.
cy-gb	• am ddefnyddiau a thechnolegau sy’n ymddangos o’r newydd, a’r priodweddau a’r posibiliadau newydd y maent yn eu cynnig.

en-gb	• use their knowledge and understanding of the work of designers from a range of disciplines and contexts to inform their own design thinking
cy-gb	• defnyddio eu gwybodaeth a’u dealltwriaeth o waith dylunwyr ar draws amrywiaeth o ddisgyblaethau a chyd-destunau er mwyn llywio eu meddylfryd dylunio eu hunain

en-gb	• analyse existing products with a view to informing their own design work
cy-gb	• dadansoddi cynhyrchion sy’n bodoli eisoes gyda’r bwriad o lywio eu gwaith dylunio eu hunain

en-gb	• select and use a range of design tools and strategies
cy-gb	• dewis a defnyddio amrywiaeth o offer a strategaethau dylunio

en-gb	• justify design decisions based on factors such as conceptual, technical, aesthetic, constructional and marketing considerations, and the interdependence between these
cy-gb	• cyﬁawnhau penderfyniadau dylunio yn seiliedig ar ystyriaethau cysyniadol, technegol,esthetig, adeiladol a marchnata, a’r cyd-ddibyniaethau rhyngddynt

en-gb	• adopt circular design approaches and consider planned obsolescence
cy-gb	• mabwysiadu dulliau dylunio cylchol ac ystyried darfodiad bwriadus

en-gb	• use their visual literacy skills to communicate their design ideas ﬂuently
cy-gb	• defnyddio eu sgiliau llythrennedd gweledol yn fedrus i gyﬂeu eu syniadau dylunio

en-gb	• choose and apply the most effective methods for both communicating and developing their ideas, and respond constructively to feedback from knowledgeable users.
cy-gb	• dewis a chymhwyso’r dulliau mwyaf effeithiol ar gyfer cyﬂeu a datblygu eu syniadau,ac ymateb mewn ffordd adeiladol i adborth gan bobl eraill hyddysg.

en-gb	• how both collaborative and independent working leads to effective engineering outcomes
cy-gb	• sut mae gweithio cydweithredol a gweithio annibynnol yn arwain at ganlyniadau peirianyddol effeithiol

en-gb	• know and apply the properties of materials to realise or improve the functionality of outcomes
cy-gb	• gwybod priodweddau defnyddiau a’u cymhwyso er mwyn sicrhau neu wella ymarferoldeb canlyniadau

en-gb	• apply a systems-thinking approach where multiple components or parts are integrated in the making process
cy-gb	• cymhwyso meddylfryd systemau, lle caiff cydrannau neu rannau lluosog eu hintegreiddio fel rhan o’r broses gwneud

en-gb	• engage in making that combines components in a system that gives structure, control and power.
cy-gb	• ymgymryd â gwaith gwneud sy’n cyfuno cydrannau mewn system sy’n rhoi strwythur,rheolaeth a phŵer.

en-gb	• engagement with professionals, experts and craftspeople to broaden their experiences of engineering and making processes
cy-gb	• ymwneud â gweithwyr proffesiynol, arbenigwyr a chrefftwyr er mwyn ehangu eu proﬁadau o brosesau peirianneg a gwneud

en-gb	• of the integral nature of engineering across a breadth of disciplines.
cy-gb	• am natur holistaidd peirianneg dros amrywiaeth eang o ddisgyblaethau.

en-gb	• reﬁne manual dexterity, accuracy, precision and craftsmanship through use of a range of tools, utensils, equipment, materials and ingredients
cy-gb	• mireinio deheurwydd, cywirdeb, manylder a chrefftwriaeth drwy ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o offer, taclau, cyfarpar, defnyddiau a chynhwysion

en-gb	• engage in both physical, electronic and digital making.
cy-gb	• ymgymryd â gwneud fﬁsegol, electronig a digidol.

en-gb	Science and Technology 43
cy-gb	Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg 45

en-gb	In Science and Technology, we recognise that living things are diverse, interacting with their environment and evolving over generations.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, rydym yn adnabod bod pethau byw yn amrywiol, yn rhyngweithio â’u hamgylchedd ac yn esblygu dros genedlaethau.

en-gb	All living things require speciﬁc conditions and resources to survive and they may have to compete with other organisms to do so.
cy-gb	Mae angen amodau ac adnoddau penodol ar bob peth byw er mwyn goroesi, a gall fod yn rhaid iddynt gystadlu ag organebau eraill er mwyn gwneud hynny.

en-gb	Humans form part of the living world and our decisions and actions, along with natural selection, can have a signiﬁcant impact on the diversity of life.
cy-gb	Mae pobl hefyd yn rhan o’r byd hwn o bethau byw, a gall ein penderfyniadau a’n gweithredoedd, ynghyd â’r broses ddetholiad naturiol, gael effaith sylweddol ar amrywiaeth bywyd.

en-gb	Knowing about the structures and functions of living things enables us to understand how they grow, develop and reproduce successfully.
cy-gb	Mae gwybod am strwythurau a swyddogaethau pethau byw yn ein galluogi i ddeall sut maent yn tyfu, datblygu ac atgenhedlu’n llwyddiannus.

en-gb	• Learners develop from qualitative description to quantiﬁcation.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn datblygu o ddisgriﬁo ansoddol i feintioli.

en-gb	• Leaners move from describing ideas to being able to explain ideas.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn symud o ddisgriﬁo syniadau i allu egluro syniadau.

en-gb	Diversity of life
cy-gb	Amrywiaeth bywyd

en-gb	I can recognise that plants and animals are living.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod bod planhigion ac anifeiliaid yn bethau byw.

en-gb	I can recognise that living things grow.
cy-gb	Gallaf gydnabod bod pethau byw yn tyfu.

en-gb	I can identify living things in their natural habitats.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod pethau byw o fewn eu cyneﬁnoedd naturiol.

en-gb	Health and disease
cy-gb	Iechyd a chlefydau

en-gb	I can observe, with an adult, things in the environment that may cause harm.
cy-gb	Gallaf arsylwi, gydag oedolyn, ar bethau yn yr amgylchedd a all achosi niwed.

en-gb	I can recognise and compare some features of living things and discuss similarities and differences.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod a chymharu rhai o nodweddion pethau byw a thrafod beth sy’n debyg ac yn wahanol rhyngddynt.

en-gb	I can compare and contrast how living things develop and have offspring.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymharu a gwrthgyferbynnu sut mae pethau byw yn datblygu ac yn cael epil.

en-gb	I can explore how different habitats provide resources for living things to survive.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio sut mae gwahanol gyneﬁnoedd yn darparu adnoddau er mwyn i bethau byw oroesi.

en-gb	Biological processes
cy-gb	Prosesau biolegol

en-gb	I can identify parts of living things and their function.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod rhannau o bethau byw a’u swyddogaeth.

en-gb	I can identify things in the environment which may be harmful and can act to prevent harm to myself and others.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod pethau yn yr amgylchedd a all fod yn niweidiol, a gweithredu er mwyn atal niwed i ﬁ fy hun ac i eraill.

en-gb	I can use scientiﬁc criteria to describe the features of living things and use these to classify.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio meini prawf gwyddonol i ddisgriﬁo nodweddion pethau byw a’u defnyddio i’w dosbarthu.

en-gb	I can describe how living things have changed over generations.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae pethau byw wedi newid dros genedlaethau.

en-gb	I can describe how living things compete for speciﬁc resources and depend on each other for survival.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae pethau byw yn cystadlu am adnoddau penodol ac yn dibynnu ar ei gilydd er mwyn goroesi.

en-gb	I can discuss the positive and negative impact that changes in the environment and human activity have on living things and habitats.
cy-gb	Gallaf drafod effaith cadarnhaol a negyddol newidiadau yn yr amgylchedd a gweithgarwch dynol ar bethau byw a chyneﬁnoedd.

en-gb	I can name and describe the functions of organs within my body and in plants.
cy-gb	Gallaf enwi a disgriﬁo swyddogaethau organau yn fy nghorff ac mewn planhigion.

en-gb	I can describe how some organs work together to perform a function.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae rhai organau yn cydweithio er mwyn cyﬂawni swyddogaeth.

en-gb	I can describe the impact of lifestyle choices on organ systems, development and health.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo effaith dewisiadau ffordd o fyw ar systemau organau, datblygiad ac iechyd.

en-gb	I can identify ways in which the body can defend itself from infection.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod ffyrdd y gall y corff amddiffyn ei hun rhag heintiau.

en-gb	I can explain how adaptation of organisms can affect their chances of survival.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro sut y gall addasiad organebau effeithio ar y siawns y byddant yn goroesi.

en-gb	I can explain how reproduction, mutations and the environment can lead to variation.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro sut y gall atgenhedlu, mwtaniadau a’r amgylchedd arwain at amrywiad.

en-gb	I can explain the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem and how this leads to survival.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro cyd-ddibyniaeth organebau mewn ecosystem a sut mae hyn yn arwain at oroesi.

en-gb	I can analyse how environmental factors and human activity can contribute to changes in habitats and population size.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddadansoddi sut y gall ffactorau amgylcheddol a gweithgarwch dynol gyfrannu at newidiadau mewn cyneﬁnoedd ac ym maint y boblogaeth.

en-gb	I can describe cells within organisms and relate structure to function.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo celloedd o fewn organebau a chysylltu strwythur â swyddogaeth.

en-gb	I can describe biological processes within organisms and explain how these contribute to their development and survival.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo prosesau biolegol o fewn organebau ac egluro sut mae’r rhain yn cyfrannu at eu datblygiad a’u goroesiad.

en-gb	I can describe the changes caused by hormones at puberty, which helps me to understand development and growth.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo’r newidiadau a achosir gan hormonau yn ystod y glasoed, ac mae hyn yn helpu i mi ddeall beth yw datblygiad a thwf.

en-gb	I can explain the effect of different lifestyle choices on organ systems and their impact on health.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro effaith gwahanol ddewisiadau ffordd o fyw ar systemau organau a’u heffaith ar iechyd.

en-gb	I can distinguish between diseases caused by pathogens and those caused by genetic inheritance in order to determine appropriate treatments.
cy-gb	Gallaf wahaniaethu rhwng clefydau a achosir gan bathogenau a rhai a achosir gan etifeddiad genetig, er mwyn pennu triniaethau priodol.

en-gb	I can describe how the body defends itself from infections caused by pathogens.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae’r corff yn amddiffyn ei hun rhag heintiau a achosir gan bathogenau.

en-gb	I can explain the relationship between the environment and natural selection, and can connect and apply this to my understanding of evolution and extinction.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro’r berthynas rhwng yr amgylchedd â phroses detholiad naturiol, a gallaf gysylltu hyn a’i gymhwyso at fy nealltwriaeth o esblygiad a difodiant.

en-gb	I can apply my knowledge of the different types of cell division to explain how this can lead to genetic variation.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymhwyso’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am y gwahanol ffyrdd y mae celloedd yn ymrannu er mwyn egluro sut y gall hyn arwain at amrywiad genetig.

en-gb	I can describe the development of gene technology and critically evaluate its impact on society.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo datblygiad technoleg genynnol a chynnal gwerthusiad beirniadol o’i heffaith ar gymdeithas.

en-gb	I can explain the importance of nutrient cycles for the continuation of life.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro pwysigrwydd cylchredau maetholion o ran parhad bywyd.

en-gb	I can evaluate contemporary issues that affect biodiversity, including environmental factors and human activity.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso materion cyfoes sy’n effeithio ar ﬁoamrywiaeth, gan gynnwys ffactorau amgylcheddol a gweithgarwch dynol.

en-gb	I can explain how organisms function through exchange and transport, coordination and control, photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro sut mae organebau yn gweithredu drwy gyfnewid a chludo, cydlynu a rheoli, ffotosynthesis a resbiradaeth gellog.

en-gb	I can explain how the internal environment of organisms is regulated to maintain life.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro sut y caiff amgylchedd mewnol organebau ei reoli er mwyn cynnal bywyd.

en-gb	I can explain the role of hormones in growth and sexual reproduction.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro rôl hormonau mewn twf ac atgenhedlu rhywiol.

en-gb	I can explain the mechanism of genetic crosses to predict the inheritance of disorders.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro’r mecanwaith croesiadau genetig er mwyn rhagfynegi anhwylderau a gaiff eu hetifeddu.

en-gb	I can explain how pathogens may cause diseases and how the mechanisms of the body, along with medical intervention, prevent and combat these diseases.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro sut y gall pathogenau achosi clefydau a sut mae systemau’r corff, ynghyd ag ymyrraeth feddygol, yn atal ac ymladd y clefydau hyn.

en-gb	I can explain the beneﬁcial role of microbes in the defence against diseases.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro rôl fuddiol microbau yn y broses o amddiffyn rhag clefydau.

en-gb	• Undertaking scientiﬁc inquiry and use of models. 
cy-gb	• Cynnal ymholiadau gwyddonol a defnyddio modelau.

en-gb	• Understanding the implications of scientiﬁc development. 
cy-gb	• Deall natur goblygiadau datblygiadau gwyddonol.

en-gb	• Using tools and equipment.
cy-gb	• Defnyddio offer a chyfarpar.

en-gb	• The nature of matter and its properties.
cy-gb	• Natur mater a’i briodweddau.

en-gb	• The transfer of energy.
cy-gb	• Trosglwyddo egni.

en-gb	• Rates of biological reactions.
cy-gb	• Cyfraddau adweithiau biolegol.

en-gb	• Genetic engineering and its impact.
cy-gb	• Peirianneg eneteg a’i heffaith.

en-gb	• Environmental science, sustainability and agriculture.
cy-gb	• Gwyddoniaeth amgylcheddol, cynaliadwyedd ac amaethyddiaeth.

en-gb	• The effects of human activity on biodiversity.
cy-gb	• Effeithiau gweithgarwch dynol ar ﬁoamrywiaeth.

en-gb	• The biological aspects of physical growth, health and well-being (including impact of disease, reproduction, physical activity and nutrition).
cy-gb	• Agweddau biolegol ar dwf fﬁsegol, iechyd a lles (gan gynnwys effaith clefydau, atgenhedlu,gweithgarwch corfforol a maeth).

en-gb	• The relationship between physiology and mental and emotional health (including growth and the structure of the human brain).
cy-gb	• Y berthynas rhwng fﬁsioleg ac iechyd meddwl ac emosiynol (gan gynnwys twf a strwythur yr ymennydd dynol).

en-gb	• Making informed decisions about our health and the health of other living things.
cy-gb	• Gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus am ein hiechyd ac iechyd pethau byw eraill.

en-gb	• The use of number, data, classiﬁcation and statistics. 
cy-gb	• Defnyddio rhif, data, dosbarthu ac ystadegau.

en-gb	• The presentation of ﬁndings from inquiry. 
cy-gb	• Cyﬂwyno canfyddiadau ymholiadau. 

en-gb	• Using formula.
cy-gb	• Defnyddio fformiwlâu.

en-gb	Progression step 1
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 1

en-gb	 Diversity of life
cy-gb	Amrywiaeth bywyd

en-gb	• observing living things
cy-gb	• arsylwi ar bethau byw

en-gb	• growing living things
cy-gb	• tyfu pethau byw

en-gb	• exploring natural habitats, including microhabitats, e.g. under a stone, under a plant pot, cracks in walls and compost areas.
cy-gb	• archwilio cyneﬁnoedd naturiol, gan gynnwys microgyneﬁnoedd, e.e. o dan garreg, o dan bot planhigyn, craciau mewn waliau ac ardaloedd compostio.

en-gb	• communicate differences and similarities in living things, using observable features to sort and group.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeu beth sy’n wahanol a thebyg mewn pethau byw, gan ddefnyddio nodweddion gweladwy i ddidoli a threfnu’n grwpiau.

en-gb	• how things move, grow, and sustain life, e.g. growing vegetables, observing at ﬁrst hand physical changes in humans and animals.
cy-gb	• sut mae pethau’n symud, yn tyfu ac yn cynnal bywyd, e.e. tyfu llysiau, arsylwi’n uniongyrchol ar newidiadau fﬁsegol mewn pobl ac anifeiliaid.

en-gb	• the names of some internal and external parts of living things
cy-gb	• enwau rhai rhannau mewnol ac allanol pethau byw

en-gb	• that living things reproduce and have life cycles.
cy-gb	• y gall pethau byw atgenhedlu a bod ganddynt gylchredoedd bywyd.

en-gb	• that things, both seen and not seen, can harm us, e.g. the spread of germs, poison (including plants) and inappropriate use of medicines.
cy-gb	• y gall pethau gweladwy ac anweladwy ein niweidio, e.e. lledaenu germau, gwenwyn (gan gynnwys planhigion) a defnydd amhriodol o feddyginiaethau.

en-gb	• exploring natural habitats, using identiﬁcation keys and sampling techniques to measure biodiversity
cy-gb	• archwilio cyneﬁnoedd naturiol, gan ddefnyddio allweddi adnabod a thechnegau samplu i fesur bioamrywiaeth

en-gb	• using models to understand feeding relationships, e.g. food chains and food webs
cy-gb	• defnyddio modelau i ddeall perthnasau bwydo, e.e. cadwyni bwyd a gweoedd bwyd

en-gb	• investigating some of the conditions living things need in order to survive.
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i rai o’r amodau sydd eu hangen ar bethau byw er mwyn goroesi.

en-gb	• that lifestyle choices, including diet and drug misuse, may impact on the body
cy-gb	• sut y gall dewisiadau ffordd o fyw, gan gynnwys deiet a chamddefnyddio cyffuriau, effeithio ar y corff

en-gb	• about the natural barriers of the body, e.g. tears, skin and mucus.
cy-gb	• rhwystrau naturiol y corff, e.e. dagrau, y croen a mwcws.

en-gb	• the collection of data from natural habitats via sampling techniques to measure biodiversity
cy-gb	• y broses o gasglu data o gyneﬁnoedd naturiol drwy dechnegau samplu er mwyn mesur bioamrywiaeth

en-gb	• using indicator species to investigate pollution
cy-gb	• defnyddio rhywogaethau dangosol er mwyn ymchwilio i lygredd

en-gb	• using models to represent interdependence.
cy-gb	• defnyddio modelau i gynrychioli cyd-ddibyniaeth.

en-gb	• that genetic information is stored in DNA and transferred from one generation to the next
cy-gb	• y caiff gwybodaeth enetig ei storio mewn DNA a’i throsglwyddo o un genhedlaeth i’r nesaf

en-gb	• how energy is transferred through an ecosystem.
cy-gb	• sut y caiff egni ei drosglwyddo drwy ecosystem.

en-gb	• observing cells
cy-gb	• arsylwi ar gelloedd

en-gb	• investigating the internal structures of plants or animals
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i adeiledd mewnol planhigion neu anifeiliaid

en-gb	• using models to represent biological processes
cy-gb	• defnyddio modelau i gynrychioli prosesau biolegol

en-gb	• investigating biological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis and digestion.
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i brosesau biolegol, megis resbiradaeth, ffotosynthesis a threulio.

en-gb	• that bacteria, viruses and fungi that cause disease are known as pathogens
cy-gb	• mai pathogenau yw’r enw a roddir i facteria, ﬁrysau a ffyngau sy’n achosi clefydau

en-gb	• that white blood cells contribute to the immune response.
cy-gb	• bod celloedd gwaed gwyn yn cyfrannu at ymateb imiwnedd.

en-gb	• the collection of data from different habitats via sampling techniques to compare biodiversity
cy-gb	• y broses o gasglu data o wahanol gyneﬁnoedd drwy dechnegau samplu er mwyn cymharu bioamrywiaeth

en-gb	• using and constructing models to understand interdependence, nutrient cycles and inheritance.
cy-gb	• defnyddio a llunio modelau er mwyn deall cyd-ddibyniaeth, cylchredau maetholion ac etifeddiad.

en-gb	• using models to explain biological processes
cy-gb	• defnyddio modelau i esbonio prosesau biolegol

en-gb	• investigating the factors which affect biological processes.
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i’r ffactorau sy’n effeithio ar brosesau biolegol.

en-gb	• growing microbes aseptically.
cy-gb	• y broses o dyfu microbau mewn ffordd aseptig.

en-gb	• about the development of new treatments for diseases, including drugs, vaccines and stem cells.
cy-gb	• am ddatblygiad triniaethau newydd ar gyfer clefydau, gan gynnwys cyffuriau, brechlynnau a bôn-gelloedd.

en-gb	• evaluate the effect of medical interventions on human health, e.g. vaccination programmes,overuse of antibiotics and use of ﬂuoride.
cy-gb	• gwerthuso effaith ymyriadau meddygol ar iechyd pobl, e.e. rhaglenni brechu, gorddefnyddio gwrthﬁotigau a defnyddio fﬂworid.

en-gb	As we then develop a deeper understanding of matter and its properties, we can design and create new substances and materials that can enrich our lives.
cy-gb	Wrth i ni wedyn ddatblygu dealltwriaeth ddyfnach o fater a’i briodweddau, gallwn ddylunio a chreu sylweddau a defnyddiau newydd sy’n cyfoethogi ein bywydau.

en-gb	This activity is particularly relevant in Wales, where it has had signiﬁcant industrial application and where innovation continues.
cy-gb	Dyma weithgarwch sy’n arbennig o berthnasol yng Nghymru, lle bu cymhwyso diwydiannol sylweddol ar hyn ac lle mae arloesi’n parhau.

en-gb	Properties of materials
cy-gb	Priodweddau defnyddiau

en-gb	I can explore the properties of materials and choose different materials for a particular use.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio priodweddau defnyddiau a dewis defnyddiau gwahanol at ddefnydd penodol.

en-gb	Chemical reactions
cy-gb	Adweithiau cemegol

en-gb	I can mix different materials during play.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymysgu gwahanol ddefnyddiau wrth chwarae.

en-gb	I can explore and describe the properties of materials and justify their uses.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio a disgriﬁo priodweddau defnyddiau a chyﬁawnhau’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.

en-gb	I can observe and describe ways in which materials change when they are mixed together.
cy-gb	Gallaf arsylwi ar a disgriﬁo’r ffyrdd y mae defnyddiau yn newid o’u cymysgu.

en-gb	Extraction, reﬁnement and analysis
cy-gb	Echdynnu, coethi neu buro a dadansoddi

en-gb	I can explore ways to separate everyday materials.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio ffyrdd o wahanu defnyddiau pob-dydd.

en-gb	I can classify and compare different materials according to their physical properties and relate these to their use.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddosbarthu a chymharu gwahanol ddefnyddiau yn ôl eu priodweddau fﬁsegol, a’u cysylltu â’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.

en-gb	I can use observations to identify the effects of temperature change on materials.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio fy arsylwadau i adnabod effaith newid tymheredd ar ddefnyddiau.

en-gb	I can recognise that mass is conserved when a substance changes state.
cy-gb	Gallaf gydnabod bod màs yn aros yr un peth pan fydd sylwedd yn newid cyﬂwr.

en-gb	I can use everyday chemicals to demonstrate chemical reactions and can identify some of the signs of a chemical reaction.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio cemegau cyffredin i ddangos adweithiau cemegol ac adnabod rhai o arwyddion adwaith cemegol.

en-gb	I can use my knowledge and experiences of materials to select the appropriate techniques for separating a range of mixtures.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod a’m proﬁadau mewn perthynas â defnyddiau i ddewis y technegau priodol ar gyfer gwahanu amrywiaeth o gymysgeddau.

en-gb	I can recognise that the Earth provides the materials that we use and can describe the limitations that these materials have in their natural form.
cy-gb	Gallaf gydnabod mai’r Ddaear sy’n darparu’r defnyddiau a ddefnyddir gennym, a gallaf ddisgriﬁo’r cyfyngiadau sy’n gysylltiedig â’r defnyddiau hyn ar eu ffurf naturiol.

en-gb	Structure of materials
cy-gb	Strwythur defnyddiau

en-gb	I can use the particle model to describe and explain the composition of elements, compounds and mixtures.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r model gronynnol i ddisgriﬁo ac egluro cyfansoddiad elfennau, cyfansoddion a chymysgeddau.

en-gb	I can describe and explain the properties of elements, compounds and mixtures, and relate these to how they are used.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo ac egluro priodweddau elfennau, cyfansoddion a chymysgeddau, a’u cysylltu â’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.

en-gb	I can use the particle model to explain the properties and behaviours of substances in different states.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r model gronynnol i egluro gwahanol briodweddau ac ymddygiadau sylweddau mewn cyﬂyrau gwahanol.

en-gb	I can describe different types of chemical reactions, explain their uses and identify any effects of the products formed.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo gwahanol fathau o adweithiau cemegol, egluro eu defnyddiau ac adnabod unrhyw effeithiau sy’n gysylltiedig â’r cynhyrchion a gaiff eu ffurﬁo.

en-gb	I can use my knowledge of chemical reactions to explain what happens to the rate of reaction when certain conditions are changed.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am adweithiau cemegol i egluro beth sy’n digwydd i’r gyfradd adwaith pan gaiff rhai amodau penodol eu newid.

en-gb	I can apply my knowledge of chemical reactions to describe how mass is conserved during a chemical change.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am adweithiau cemegol i ddisgriﬁo sut y mae màs yn aros yr un peth yn ystod newid cemegol.

en-gb	I can apply my knowledge of the properties of materials to select and use the appropriate technique in order to separate mixtures.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am briodweddau defnyddiau i ddewis a defnyddio’r dechneg briodol er mwyn gwahanu cymysgeddau.

en-gb	I can describe different chemical indicator tests and use these both to identify substances and to compare and classify materials.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo gwahanol broﬁon gyda dangosyddion cemegol a’u defnyddio i adnabod sylweddau a chymharu a dosbarthu defnyddiau.

en-gb	I can identify that materials are obtained from the Earth’s natural resources and can explain why they are ﬁnite.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddeall bod defnyddiau yn dod o adnoddau naturiol y Ddaear a gallaf egluro pam maent yn gallu dod i ben.

en-gb	I can apply my knowledge of atomic and electronic structure to explain the bonding and structure of different types of materials.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am strwythur atomig ac electronig i egluro bondio a strwythur gwahanol fathau o ddefnyddiau.

en-gb	I can suggest the type of bonding in a substance based on its properties.
cy-gb	Gallaf awgrymu’r math o fondio sydd mewn sylwedd ar sail ei briodweddau.

en-gb	I can use my knowledge of atomic structure and bonding to explain and predict the properties of materials and to justify their use.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am strwythur a bondio atomig er mwyn egluro a rhagfynegi priodweddau defnyddiau ac er mwyn cyﬁawnhau’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.

en-gb	I can compare the nature and properties of different types of nuclear radiation and justify the
cy-gb	Gallaf gymharu natur a phriodweddau gwahanol fathau o ymbelydredd niwclear a chyﬁawnhau

en-gb	use of radioactive isotopes for a speciﬁc purpose.
cy-gb	defnyddio isotopau ymbelydrol at ddiben penodol.

en-gb	I can apply my knowledge of the structure and properties of materials to explain reactivity in different types of chemical reactions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am strwythur a phriodweddau defnyddiau i egluro adweithedd mewn gwahanol fathau o adweithiau cemegol.

en-gb	I can use my knowledge of particle theory to explain how reactions can be controlled in order to attain the optimum conditions for industrial reactions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am ddamcaniaeth gronynnol i egluro sut y gellir rheoli adweithiau er mwyn cyrraedd yr amodau optimwm ar gyfer adweithiau diwydiannol.

en-gb	I can apply my knowledge of the principles of conservation of mass and symbol equations to explain, predict and calculate the quantities and energy changes involved in chemical reactions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am egwyddorion cadwraeth màs a hafaliadau symbol i egluro, rhagfynegi a chyfrifo’r meintiau a’r newidiadau egni sy’n gysylltiedig ag adweithiau cemegol.

en-gb	I can use my knowledge and understanding of matter to explain how different techniques can be used to extract and reﬁne substances for a variety of uses.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod a’m dealltwriaeth o fater i egluro sut y gellir defnyddio gwahanol dechnegau i echdynnu a choethi neu buro sylweddau at amrywiaeth o ddibenion.

en-gb	I can use chemical tests to analyse materials, and can apply my knowledge of chemical reactions in order to identify substances and their composition.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio proﬁon cemegol i ddadansoddi defnyddiau, a gallaf ddefnyddio’r hyn rwy’n ei wybod am adweithiau cemegol er mwyn adnabod sylweddau a’u cyfansoddiad.

en-gb	• Considering the impact of the use of materials and reactions.
cy-gb	• Ystyried effaith y defnydd o ddefnyddiau ac adweithiau.

en-gb	• Using materials and equipment.
cy-gb	• Defnyddio defnyddiau a chyfarpar.

en-gb	• The uses and properties of materials in design and engineering.
cy-gb	• Priodweddau defnyddiau a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt mewn dylunio a pheirianneg.

en-gb	• Electricity and nuclear radiation.
cy-gb	• Trydan ac ymbelydredd niwclear.

en-gb	• The biological reactions of photosynthesis and respiration.
cy-gb	• Adweithiau biolegol ffotosynthesis a resbiradaeth.

en-gb	• Energy changes and conservation of mass.
cy-gb	• Newidiadau egni a gwarchod màs.

en-gb	• Extraction, reﬁnement and analysis, and their links to food groups.
cy-gb	• Echdynnu, coethi neu buro a dadansoddi, a’u cysylltiadau â grwpiau bwyd.

en-gb	• Physical geography and geology.
cy-gb	• Daearyddiaeth fﬁsegol a daeareg.

en-gb	• Environmental science, sustainability (including renewable energy) and agriculture.
cy-gb	• Gwyddoniaeth amgylcheddol, cynaliadwyedd (gan gynnwys egni adnewyddadwy) ac amaethyddiaeth.

en-gb	• Cooking and the development of healthy eating.
cy-gb	• Coginio a datblygiad bwyta’n iach.

en-gb	• Instructional and explanation writing.
cy-gb	• Ysgrifennu cyfarwyddiadol ac esboniadol.

en-gb	• Number, data, classiﬁcation and statistics. 
cy-gb	• Rhif, data, dosbarthu ac ystadegau.

en-gb	• Clariﬁcation and identifying, estimating and measuring. 
cy-gb	• Egluro ac adnabod, amcangyfrif a mesur.

en-gb	• manipulating a range of materials during play and experiential learning.
cy-gb	• trin amrywiaeth o ddefnyddiau, wrth chwarae ac wrth ddysgu drwy broﬁad.

en-gb	• communicate their ideas about the physical properties of materials and states, including solids, liquids and gases.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeu eu syniadau am briodweddau fﬁsegol defnyddiau a chyﬂyrau, gan gynnwys solidau, hylifau a nwyon.

en-gb	• making new materials by mixing others, e.g. when cooking or when mixing bicarbonate of soda and vinegar.
cy-gb	• creu defnyddiau newydd drwy gymysgu defnyddiau eraill, e.e. wrth goginio neu wrth gymysgu soda pobi a ﬁnegr.

en-gb	• materials can change, and under certain conditions will react to form something new.
cy-gb	• y gall defnyddiau newid, ac o dan rai amodau penodol y byddant yn adweithio er mwyn ffurﬁo rhywbeth newydd.

en-gb	• how the mass of a substance stays the same when it changes state.
cy-gb	• sut mae màs sylwedd yn aros yr un peth pan fydd ei gyﬂwr yn newid.

en-gb	• everyday chemical reactions, e.g. striking a match, rusting and baking
cy-gb	• adweithiau cemegol pob-dydd, e.e. tanio matsien, rhydu a phobi

en-gb	• different indicators of chemical reactions, e.g. ﬁzzing or the production of bubbles, colour
cy-gb	• gwahanol ddangosyddion adweithiau cemegol, e.e. fﬁsian neu gynhyrchu swigod,

en-gb	change and heat emission.
cy-gb	newid lliw ac allyrru gwres.

en-gb	Extraction, reﬁnement and analysis
cy-gb	Echdynnu, coethi neu buro a dadansoddi

en-gb	• using a range of separation techniques, e.g. using magnets, ﬁltering and evaporating.
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o dechnegau gwahanu, e.e. defnyddio magnedau, hidlo ac anweddu.

en-gb	• some examples of materials obtained from the Earth
cy-gb	• rhai enghreifftiau o ddefnyddiau a ddaw o’r Ddaear

en-gb	• that the majority of raw materials have to be processed before they can be used.
cy-gb	• bod yn rhaid prosesu’r rhan fwyaf o ddefnyddiau crai cyn y gellir eu defnyddio.

en-gb	 Structure of materials
cy-gb	Strwythur defnyddiau

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr:

en-gb	• the arrangement of elements in the periodic table.
cy-gb	• wybod trefniant elfennau yn y tabl cyfnodol.

en-gb	• distinguish between elements, compounds and mixtures.
cy-gb	• gwahaniaethu rhwng elfennau, cyfansoddion a chymysgeddau.

en-gb	• how the properties of compounds are different from their constituent elements.
cy-gb	• sut y mae priodweddau cyfansoddion yn wahanol i’w helfennau unigol.

en-gb	• different types of chemical reactions, e.g. neutralisation, oxidation, and exothermic and endothermic reactions.
cy-gb	• gwahanol fathau o adweithiau cemegol, e.e. niwtralu, ocsidio, ac adweithiau ecsothermig ac endothermig.

en-gb	• that rates of reaction are affected by factors such as temperature, concentration and surface area.
cy-gb	• bod ffactorau gan gynnwys tymheredd, crynodiad ac arwynebedd arwyneb yn effeithio ar gyfraddau adwaith.

en-gb	• use word equations and interpret simple chemical formulae.
cy-gb	• defnyddio hafaliadau geiriol a dehongli fformiwlâu cemegol syml.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• that speciﬁc techniques to separate and analyse are appropriate for different purposes, e.g. distillation, ﬁltration and chromatography
cy-gb	• bod technegau gwahanu a dadansoddi penodol yn briodol at ddibenion gwahanol, e.e. distyllu, hidlo a chromatograffaeth

en-gb	• that the majority of raw materials have to be processed before they can be used
cy-gb	• bod yn rhaid prosesu mwyafrif y defnyddiau crai cyn y gellir eu defnyddio

en-gb	• about different chemical tests, e.g. food tests, ﬂame tests and indicator tests.
cy-gb	• am wahanol broﬁon cemegol, e.e. proﬁon bwyd, proﬁon fﬂamau a phroﬁon dangosydd.

en-gb	Learners need to know about:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:

en-gb	• the different types of bonding
cy-gb	• y gwahanol fathau o fondio

en-gb	• the types of atomic and molecular structure that exist.
cy-gb	• y gwahanol strwythurau atomig a molecwlaidd sy’n bodoli.

en-gb	• the properties of metals and non-metals
cy-gb	• priodweddau metelau ac anfetelau

en-gb	• how the properties of materials are affected by their structures, e.g. conductivity, melting point and malleability
cy-gb	• sut mae priodweddau defnyddiau yn cael eu heffeithio gan eu strwythur, e.e. dargludedd, ymdoddbwynt, hydrinedd

en-gb	• about different types of radiation, e.g. alpha, beta and gamma.
cy-gb	• am wahanol fathau o ymbelydredd, e.e. alpha, beta a gama.

en-gb	• trends in reactivity in the periodic table.
cy-gb	• tueddiadau mewn adweithedd o fewn y tabl cyfnodol.

en-gb	• different types of chemical reactions, e.g. displacement, reduction and polymerisation
cy-gb	• gwahanol fathau o adweithiau cemegol, e.e. dadleoliad, rhydwythiad a pholymeru

en-gb	• that rates of reaction are affected by other factors such as using a catalyst or changing the pressure.
cy-gb	• bod cyfraddau adwaith yn cael eu heffeithio gan ffactorau eraill megis defnyddio catalydd neu newid y gwasgedd.

en-gb	• calculate the physical properties involved in reactions, e.g. masses, concentrations, volumes and energy.
cy-gb	• cyfrifo’r priodweddau fﬁsegol sy’n gysylltiedig ag adweithiau, e.e. masau, crynodiadau, cyfeintiau ac egni.

en-gb	Extraction, reﬁnement and analysis
cy-gb	Echdynnu, coethi neu buro a dadansoddi 

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod: 

en-gb	• methods of extraction, e.g. electrolysis, reduction and fractional distillation.
cy-gb	• dulliau echdynnu, e.e. electrolysis, rhydwythiad a distyllu ffracsiynol.

en-gb	Learners are able to:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr allu:

en-gb	• apply different chemical tests.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso gwahanol broﬁon cemegol.

en-gb	In Science and Technology, forces and energy can be used to describe the behaviour of everything from the smallest building blocks of matter to the motion of stars and planets.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, gellir defnyddio grymoedd ac egni er mwyn disgriﬁo ymddygiad popeth, o ﬂociau adeiladu lleiaf mater i fudiant sêr a phlanedau.

en-gb	Understanding forces and energy helps us to predict and control the behaviour of our surroundings.
cy-gb	Mae deall grymoedd ac egni yn ein helpu i ragfynegi a rheoli ymddygiad ein hamgylchedd.

en-gb	These ideas can be modelled and expressed formally, providing a consistent mathematical framework to describe physical systems.
cy-gb	Gellir modelu’r syniadau hyn a’u mynegi’n ffurﬁol, gan ddarparu fframwaith mathemategol cyson ar gyfer disgriﬁo systemau fﬁsegol.

en-gb	This has enabled some of society’s greatest scientiﬁc breakthroughs and engineering achievements.
cy-gb	Mae hyn wedi arwain at rai o ddarganfyddiadau gwyddonol a chyﬂawniadau peirianyddol mwyaf cymdeithas.

en-gb	As responsible citizens of Wales and the world, an understanding of forces and energy will help us overcome future challenges and use our planet’s resources efﬁciently.
cy-gb	Fel dinasyddion cyfrifol yng Nghymru a’r byd, bydd dealltwriaeth o rymoedd ac egni yn ein helpu i ddod i ben â’r heriau yn y dyfodol ac i ddefnyddio adnoddau ein planed yn effeithlon.

en-gb	• Learners begin with an egocentric view but develop to be able to consider others and the implications in the wider world.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn dechrau drwy feddu ar safbwynt myfïol ond maent yn datblygu i allu ystyried eraill a’r byd ehangach.

en-gb	Forces and motion
cy-gb	Grymoedd a mudiant

en-gb	I can explore the way objects move.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio’r ffordd y mae gwrthrychau’n symud.

en-gb	Energy
cy-gb	Egni

en-gb	I can explore energy through multisensory experiences.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio egni drwy broﬁadau amlsynhwyraidd.

en-gb	Waves
cy-gb	Tonnau

en-gb	I can explore light and shadows, and can communicate my ideas.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio golau a chysgodion, a gallaf gyﬂeu fy syniadau.

en-gb	Magnetism
cy-gb	Magnetedd

en-gb	I can explore the effects of magnets through multisensory experiences.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio effeithiau magnedau drwy broﬁadau amlsynhwyraidd.

en-gb	I can investigate and predict the effects of forces in everyday life.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio a rhagfynegi effeithiau grymoedd mewn bywyd pob-dydd.

en-gb	I can identify some forms of energy through multisensory experience.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod rhai mathau o egni drwy broﬁad amlsynhwyraidd.

en-gb	Electricity
cy-gb	Trydan

en-gb	I can explore how electricity behaves in simple circuits.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio sut mae trydan yn ymddwyn mewn cylchedau syml.

en-gb	I can explore and communicate the basic properties of light and sound.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio a chyﬂeu priodweddau sylfaenol golau a sain.

en-gb	I can explore magnets and their properties through multisensory experiences.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio magnedau a’u priodweddau drwy broﬁadau amlsynhwyraidd.

en-gb	I can use models to describe the forces acting on an object.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio modelau i ddisgriﬁo’r grymoedd sy’n gweithredu ar wrthrych.

en-gb	I can explore how the motion of an object can be affected by applying forces.
cy-gb	Gallaf archwilio sut y gellir dylanwadu ar fudiant gwrthrych drwy gymhwyso grymoedd ato.

en-gb	I can describe how energy transfers or transforms from a store of energy to make everyday devices operate.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae egni yn trosglwyddo neu’n trawsffurﬁo o storfa egni er mwyn i ddyfeisiau pob-dydd allu gweithredu.

en-gb	I can identify and explain that as one energy store increases another decreases.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod ac egluro’r modd y mae un storfa egni’n lleihau pan fo’r llall yn cynyddu.

en-gb	I can investigate and explain factors that affect electrical circuits.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i ffactorau sy’n effeithio ar gylchedau trydanol a’u hegluro.

en-gb	I can investigate and explain the properties of different types of waves.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i briodweddau gwahanol fathau o donnau a’u hegluro.

en-gb	I can investigate magnetic ﬁelds in order to describe their effects and uses.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i feysydd magnetig er mwyn disgriﬁo eu heffeithiau a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.

en-gb	Achievement outcomes
cy-gb	Deilliannau cyﬂawniad

en-gb	Forces and motion
cy-gb	Grymoedd a mudiant

en-gb	I can use mathematical models to describe the forces acting on an object.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio modelau mathemategol i ddisgriﬁo’r grymoedd sy’n gweithredu ar wrthrych.

en-gb	I can analyse the effects of forces.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddadansoddi effeithiau grymoedd.

en-gb	I can apply the principle of the conservation of energy to a range of contexts and perform simple calculations.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymhwyso egwyddor cadwraeth egni at amrywiaeth o gyd-destunau a gwneud cyfriﬁadau syml.

en-gb	I can investigate different electrical circuits and describe relationships.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i wahanol gylchedau trydanol a disgriﬁo perthnasau.

en-gb	I can describe a range of waves, using key terms and values, and compare their behaviour.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo amrywiaeth o donnau, gan ddefnyddio termau a gwerthoedd allweddol, a chymharu eu hymddygiad.

en-gb	I can investigate the factors that affect the strength and forms of magnetic ﬁelds.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i ffactorau sy’n effeithio ar gryfder a ffurﬁau meysydd magnetig.

en-gb	I can apply strategies independently and effectively to solve problems by modelling systems of forces.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymhwyso strategaethau yn annibynnol ac yn effeithiol er mwyn datrys problemau drwy fodelu systemau grymoedd.

en-gb	I can investigate how and why bodies move with reference to relevant physical laws.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i weld sut a pham y mae cyrff yn symud, gan gyfeirio at ddeddfau fﬁsegol perthnasol.

en-gb	I can apply the principle of conservation of energy to a range of scenarios.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymhwyso egwyddor cadwraeth egni ar draws amrywiaeth o sefyllfaoedd.

en-gb	I can investigate and analyse analogue and digital electrical circuits that involve a range of relevant components.
cy-gb	Gallaf ymchwilio i gylchedau trydanol analog a digidol lle ceir amrywiaeth o gydrannau perthnasol, a’u dadansoddi.

en-gb	I can quantify the key features of waves and explain how their motion is affected when they travel through different media.
cy-gb	Gallaf feintioli nodweddion allweddol tonnau ac esbonio’r effaith ar eu mudiant wrth iddynt deithio drwy wahanol gyfryngau.

en-gb	I can describe and explain the similarities and differences between analogue and digital communication techniques, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo ac egluro beth sy’n debyg a gwahanol rhwng technegau cyfathrebu analog a digidol, a beth yn eu tro yw eu manteision a’u hanfanteision.

en-gb	I can use models that describe the links between force, current and magnetic ﬁelds to explain a range of electromagnetic applications.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio modelau sy’n disgriﬁo’r cysylltiadau rhwng grym, cerrynt a meysydd magnetig er mwyn egluro amrywiaeth o gymwysiadau electromagnetig.

en-gb	• Understanding how energy and forces act within and on living things.
cy-gb	• Deall sut mae egni a grymoedd yn ymddwyn o fewn pethau byw ac mewn perthynas â phethau byw.

en-gb	• Digital electronic systems and computation.
cy-gb	• Systemau electronig digidol a chyfriﬁannu.

en-gb	• Digital electronics and communications.
cy-gb	• Electroneg ddigidol a chyfathrebu.

en-gb	• Use of materials, equipment and sound.
cy-gb	• Defnyddio defnyddiau, cyfarpar a sain.

en-gb	• Waves and digital music.
cy-gb	• Tonnau a cherddoriaeth ddigidol.

en-gb	• Environmental science, sustainability (including renewable energy).
cy-gb	• Gwyddoniaeth amgylcheddol, cynaliadwyedd (gan gynnwys egni adnewyddadwy).

en-gb	• their own movement and the movement of objects in a variety of environments indoors and outdoors.
cy-gb	• eu hunain yn symud, a phroﬁ gwrthrychau’n symud, mewn amrywiaeth o amgylcheddau dan do ac yn yr awyr agored.

en-gb	• exploring energy during play in a rich, multisensory environment indoors and outdoors.
cy-gb	• y broses o archwilio egni wrth chwarae mewn amgylchedd amlsynhwyraidd cyfoethog dan do ac yn yr awyr agored.

en-gb	• observing light and shadow in their natural environment
cy-gb	• arsylwi ar olau a chysgod yn eu hamgylchedd naturiol

en-gb	• opportunities to play with light and shadow.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i chwarae â golau a chysgod.

en-gb	• that they should protect their eyes from the sun.
cy-gb	• y dylent ddiogelu eu llygaid rhag yr haul.

en-gb	• playing with magnets.
cy-gb	• chwarae â magnedau.

en-gb	• motion in a range of contexts with opportunities to describe and measure observations
cy-gb	• mudiant mewn amrywiaeth o gyd-destunau, â chyﬂeoedd i ddisgriﬁo a mesur arsylwadau

en-gb	• representations of the solar system.
cy-gb	• cynrychioliadau o gysawd yr haul.

en-gb	• observe the effects of forces on the motion of objects.
cy-gb	• arsylwi ar effeithiau grymoedd ar fudiant gwrthrychau.

en-gb	• investigating the ways that energy can be stored and transferred, e.g. in springs and batteries.
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i’r ffyrdd y gellir storio a throsglwyddo egni, e.e.mewn sbringiau a batris.

en-gb	• that most of the energy resources we utilise are derived from the sun’s energy.
cy-gb	• bod y rhan fwyaf o’r adnoddau egni rydym yn eu defnyddio yn dod o egni’r haul.

en-gb	• constructing electrical circuits using a variety of materials.
cy-gb	• adeiladu cylchedau trydanol, gan ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o ddefnyddiau.

en-gb	• that some materials (conductors) allow electricity to ﬂow, while some materials (insulators) stop its ﬂow
cy-gb	• bod rhai defnyddiau (dargludyddion) yn caniatáu i drydan lifo a bod rhai defnyddiau (ynysyddion) yn atal y llif

en-gb	• how to stay safe when using electricity.
cy-gb	• sut i aros yn ddiogel wrth ddefnyddio trydan.

en-gb	• opportunities to observe and describe wave phenomena
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i arsylwi ar ffenomena tonnau a’u disgriﬁo

en-gb	• concrete representations of waves during their play, e.g. in water, springs and ropes.
cy-gb	• cynrychioliadau diriaethol o donnau wrth chwarae, e.e. mewn dŵr, sbringiau a rhaffau.

en-gb	• that light is needed in order to see objects
cy-gb	• bod angen golau er mwyn gweld gwrthrychau

en-gb	• that sounds are caused by vibrations.
cy-gb	• mai dirgryniadau sy’n achosi synau.

en-gb	• experimenting with magnetic ﬁelds.
cy-gb	• arbroﬁ gyda meysydd magnetig.

en-gb	• that some materials are magnetic and are affected by magnetic ﬁelds.
cy-gb	• bod rhai defnyddiau yn fagnetig a bod meysydd magnetig yn effeithio arnynt.

en-gb	• motion in a range of contexts with opportunities to measure, describe and quantify observations
cy-gb	• mudiant mewn amrywiaeth o gyd-destunau, â chyﬂeoedd i fesur, disgriﬁo a meintioli arsylwadau

en-gb	• how forces and motion apply to celestial bodies in space.
cy-gb	• sut mae grymoedd a mudiant yn berthnasol i gyrff wybrennol yn y gofod.

en-gb	• the relationship between force and motion.
cy-gb	• am y berthynas rhwng grymoedd a mudiant.

en-gb	• describe the effects of forces on the motion of objects.
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo effeithiau grymoedd ar fudiant gwrthrychau.

en-gb	• investigating ways energy can be stored and transferred.
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i’r ffyrdd y gellir storio a throsglwyddo egni.

en-gb	• designing and constructing electrical circuits, and taking measurements from them.
cy-gb	• dylunio ac adeiladu cylchredau trydanol, a gwneud mesuriadau ohonynt.

en-gb	• the different types and uses of electricity
cy-gb	• y gwahanol fathau o drydan a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt

en-gb	• the concept of current, voltage and resistance.
cy-gb	• y cysyniad o gerrynt, foltedd a gwrthiant.

en-gb	• design and analyse schematic circuits.
cy-gb	• dylunio a dadansoddi cylchedau sgematig.

en-gb	• a range of experiments that illustrate wave phenomena.
cy-gb	• ystod o arbroﬁon sy’n darlunio ffenomena tonnau.

en-gb	• the properties of waves and how they move and transfer energy
cy-gb	• priodweddau tonnau a sut maent yn symud ac yn trosglwyddo egni

en-gb	• the properties of transverse and longitudinal waves, and the similarities and differences between them.
cy-gb	• priodweddau tonnau ardraws a thonnau hydredol, a’r hyn sy’n eu gwneud yn debyg ac yn wahanol i’w gilydd.

en-gb	• describe waves.
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo tonnau.

en-gb	• identify magnetic ﬁelds and know how they interact.
cy-gb	• adnabod meysydd magnetig a gwybod sut maent yn rhyngweithio.

en-gb	• the relationship between force, structure and motion.
cy-gb	• am y berthynas rhwng grym, strwythur a mudiant.

en-gb	• observe the effects of forces on the motion of objects
cy-gb	• arsylwi ar effeithiau grymoedd ar fudiant gwrthrychau

en-gb	• analyse the motion of objects and the associated forces.
cy-gb	• dadansoddi mudiant gwrthrychau a’r grymoedd cysylltiedig.

en-gb	• the principle of conservation of energy, and the forms of energy in physical systems and ecosystems
cy-gb	• yr egwyddor cadwraeth egni, a’r mathau o egni sydd mewn systemau fﬁsegol ac ecosystemau

en-gb	• the transfer and transformation of energy
cy-gb	• am drosglwyddo a thrawsffurﬁo egni

en-gb	• that most of the energy sources we utilise are derived from the sun’s energy.
cy-gb	• bod y rhan fwyaf o’r ffynonellau egni rydym yn eu defnyddio yn dod o egni’r haul.

en-gb	• apply the principle of conservation of energy in order to make predictions about a variety of situations.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso egwyddor cadwraeth egni er mwyn gwneud rhagfynegiadau ynghylch amrywiaeth o sefyllfaoedd.

en-gb	• how static electricity is caused by the transfer of electrons
cy-gb	• sut y caiff trydan statig ei achosi gan drosglwyddiad electronau

en-gb	• the relationship between power, voltage, current, resistance, charge and energy
cy-gb	• y berthynas rhwng pŵer, foltedd, cerrynt, gwrthiant, gwefr ac egni

en-gb	• the inputs and outputs of logic gates.
cy-gb	• mewnbynnau ac allbynnau adwyon rhesymeg.

en-gb	• a range of experiments that illustrate wave phenomena.
cy-gb	• ffenomena tonnau trwy ymarferion ac arbroﬁon.

en-gb	• describe waves quantitively.
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo tonnau’n feintiol.

en-gb	• some materials are magnetic and are affected by magnetic ﬁelds
cy-gb	• bod rhai defnyddiau yn fagnetig a bod meysydd magnetig yn effeithio arnynt

en-gb	• magnetic ﬁelds can be caused by electric currents.
cy-gb	• y gall ceryntau trydanol achosi meysydd magnetig.

en-gb	• identify magnetic ﬁelds and know how they interact
cy-gb	• adnabod meysydd magnetig a gwybod sut maent yn rhyngweithio

en-gb	• apply knowledge of magnets and electric ﬁelds to predict their behaviour.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso gwybodaeth am fagnedau a meysydd trydanol er mwyn rhagfynegi eu hymddygiad.

en-gb	• motion in a range of contexts with opportunities to measure, describe and quantify observations
cy-gb	• mudiant mewn amrywiaeth o gyd-destunau, a chyﬂeoedd i fesur, disgriﬁo a meintioli arsylwadau

en-gb	• the relationship between force, structure and motion.
cy-gb	• y berthynas rhwng grymoedd, strwythur a mudiant.

en-gb	• investigating ways energy can be stored and transferred
cy-gb	• ymchwilio i ffyrdd y gellir storio a throsglwyddo egni

en-gb	• the role of energy and forces in thermodynamics and gas laws.
cy-gb	• rôl egni a grymoedd mewn deddfau thermodeinameg a nwy.

en-gb	• the principle of conservation of energy and the forms of energy in physical systems and ecosystems
cy-gb	• yr egwyddor cadwraeth egni a’r mathau o egni sydd mewn systemau fﬁsegol ac ecosystemau

en-gb	• most of the energy sources we utilise are derived from the sun’s energy.
cy-gb	• bod y rhan fwyaf o’r ffynonellau egni rydym yn eu defnyddio yn dod o egni’r haul.

en-gb	• designing and constructing electrical circuits, and taking measurements from them.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddylunio ac adeiladu cylchredau trydanol, a gwneud mesuriadau ohonynt.

en-gb	• how static electricity can be used and mitigated
cy-gb	• sut mae defnyddio a lleddfu effeithiau trydan statig

en-gb	• the differences between power, voltage, current, resistance, charge and energy
cy-gb	• y gwahaniaethau rhwng pŵer, foltedd, cerrynt, gwrthiant, gwefr ac egni

en-gb	• how logic gates can be applied to solve simple logic problems.
cy-gb	• sut y gellir cymhwyso adwyon rhesymeg er mwyn datrys problemau rhesymeg syml.

en-gb	• wave phenomena practically and experimentally.
cy-gb	• ffenomena tonnau trwy ymarferion ac arbroﬁon.

en-gb	• the properties of transverse and longitudinal waves, and the similarities and differences between them
cy-gb	• priodweddau tonnau ardraws a thonnau hydredol, a’r hyn sy’n eu gwneud yn debyg ac yn wahanol i’w gilydd

en-gb	• how information is carried by waves in both digital and analogue form.
cy-gb	• sut y caiff gwybodaeth ei chludo gan donnau ar ffurf ddigidol ac analog.

en-gb	• describe waves, including describing the properties of a wave mathematically.
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo tonnau, gan gynnwys disgriﬁo priodweddau ton ar ffurf fathemategol.

en-gb	• magnetic ﬁelds experimentally.
cy-gb	• arbroﬁ gyda meysydd magnetig.

en-gb	• that magnetic ﬁelds can be caused by electric currents.
cy-gb	• y gall ceryntau trydanol achosi meysydd magnetig.

en-gb	In Science and Technology, we recognise that computational processes have changed the way people interact with one another and their environment, as well as how humans organise their work, their communities and their lives.
cy-gb	Mewn Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, mae prosesau cyfriﬁannol wedi newid y ffordd y mae pobl yn rhyngweithio â’i gilydd a’u hamgylchedd, yn ogystal â sut mae pobl yn rhoi trefn ar eu gwaith, eu cymunedau a’u bywydau.

en-gb	Society, in turn, has inﬂuenced the development of computation as people’s needs for processing information have changed.
cy-gb	Mae cymdeithas, yn ei thro, wedi dylanwadu ar y broses o ddatblygu cyfriﬁant a hynny oherwydd y newidiadau yn anghenion pobl o ran prosesu gwybodaeth.

en-gb	Through these computational processes the world has been enriched and technological development has accelerated, and seems set to continue doing so.
cy-gb	Drwy’r prosesau cyfriﬁannol hyn mae’r byd wedi cael ei gyfoethogi ac mae datblygiad technolegol wedi cyﬂymu ac mae’n debygol o barhau i wneud hynny.

en-gb	In order to use and create these technologies to their full potential, learners need to know how they work.
cy-gb	Er mwyn defnyddio a chreu’r technolegau hyn i’w llawn botensial, mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod sut maent yn gweithio.

en-gb	Developing creative algorithmic and computational approaches can solve challenging real-world problems.
cy-gb	Gall datblygu dulliau gweithredu algorithmig a chyfriﬁannol creadigol ddatrys problemau heriol yn y byd go iawn.

en-gb	However, we must be conscious that there are limits to what computers can achieve.
cy-gb	Fodd bynnag, mae’n rhaid i ni fod yn ymwybodol bod cyfyngiadau i’r hyn y gall cyfriﬁaduron ei gyﬂawni.

en-gb	Understanding that there are also wider legal, social and ethical consequences of how technology is used enables learners to make informed decisions about the application of computational technologies.
cy-gb	Mae deall bod canlyniadau cyfreithiol, cymdeithasol a moesegol ehangach hefyd i’r ffordd y caiff technoleg ei defnyddio yn galluogi dysgwyr i wneud penderfyniadau gwybodus am gymhwyso technolegau cyfriﬁannol.

en-gb	• Learners’ thinking develops from concrete to abstract and from observable to unobservable.
cy-gb	• Mae meddwl dysgwyr yn datblygu o’r diriaethol i’r haniaethol ac o’r gweladwy i’r anweladwy.

en-gb	• Learners develop from qualitative description to quantiﬁcation.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn datblygu o ddisgriﬁo ansoddol i feintioli.

en-gb	• Learners develop simple skills through adopting and adapting, moving towards the creation of original content.
cy-gb	• Mae dysgwyr yn datblygu sgiliau syml drwy fabwysiadu ac addasu, gan symud tuag at greu cynnwys gwreiddiol.

en-gb	Algorithms
cy-gb	Algorithmau

en-gb	I can identify, create and follow sequences and patterns in everyday activities.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod, creu a dilyn dilyniannau a phatrymau mewn gweithgareddau pob-dydd.

en-gb	I can follow simple sets of instructions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddilyn cyfres syml o gyfarwyddiadau.

en-gb	I can identify errors in simple sets of instructions.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod gwallau mewn cyfresi syml o gyfarwyddiadau.

en-gb	Computational systems
cy-gb	Systemau cyfriﬁannol

en-gb	I can experiment with and identify uses of a range of computing technology in the world around me.
cy-gb	Gallaf arbroﬁ ag amrywiaeth o dechnolegau cyfriﬁadura yn y byd o’m cwmpas a deall sut cânt eu defnyddio.

en-gb	I can use computational thinking techniques, using unplugged or ofﬂine activities, e.g. abstraction, decomposition and pattern recognition.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio technegau meddylfryd cyfriﬁannol gan ddefnyddio gweithgareddau di-blwg neu all-lein, e.e. echdynnu (extract) gwybodaeth, dadelfennu ac adnabod patrymau.

en-gb	I can give simple sets of instructions.
cy-gb	Gallaf roi cyfresi syml o gyfarwyddiadau.

en-gb	I can explain the importance of accurate and reliable data to ensure a desired outcome.
cy-gb	Gallaf egluro pwysigrwydd data cywir a dibynadwy er mwyn sicrhau canlyniad dymunol.

en-gb	I can sort and search data using a single criterion and present it in a variety of different formats within familiar contexts.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddidoli a chwilio drwy ddata gan ddefnyddio maen prawf unigol a’u cyﬂwyno mewn amrywiaeth o wahanol fformatau mewn cyd-destunau cyfarwydd.

en-gb	I can follow instructions to build, test and control a physical device.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddilyn cyfarwyddiadau er mwyn adeiladu, proﬁ a rheoli dyfais fﬁsegol.

en-gb	Cyber security
cy-gb	Seiberddiogelwch

en-gb	I can use credentials securely to keep information safe.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio manylion mewngofnodi yn ddiogel er mwyn cadw gwybodaeth yn ddiogel.

en-gb	I can decompose a problem into smaller speciﬁc tasks.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddadelfennu problem drwy greu tasgau penodol llai.

en-gb	I can build simple programs to carry out a given task by using an appropriate programming language.
cy-gb	Gallaf greu rhaglenni syml er mwyn cyﬂawni tasg benodol, gan ddefnyddio iaith raglennu briodol.

en-gb	I can manipulate and interrogate data to help make informed decisions and predictions.
cy-gb	Gallaf drin a chwestiynu data er mwyn fy helpu i wneud penderfyniadau a rhagfynegiadau gwybodus.

en-gb	I can use multiple criteria in my data interrogation.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio meini prawf lluosog wrth gwestiynu data.

en-gb	I can deﬁne, develop, test and debug systems that have software and hardware that interact with each other.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddifﬁnio, datblygu, proﬁ a dadfygio systemau sydd â meddalwedd a chaledwedd sy’n rhyngweithio â’i gilydd.

en-gb	I can describe how computers communicate, and share data and resources securely.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae cyfriﬁaduron yn cyfathrebu, ac yn rhannu data ac adnoddau yn ddiogel.

en-gb	I can use computational-thinking techniques to modify designs and programs, then evaluate their effectiveness.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio technegau meddylfryd cyfriﬁannol i addasu dyluniadau a rhaglenni, ac wedyn gwerthuso eu heffeithiolrwydd.

en-gb	I can use appropriate programming languages to manipulate and interrogate data in order to help me make informed decisions and predictions.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio ieithoedd rhaglennu priodol i drin a chwestiynu data er mwyn fy helpu i wneud penderfyniadau a rhagfynegiadau gwybodus.

en-gb	I can apply logical and critical thinking when modifying and testing systems.
cy-gb	Gallaf gymhwyso ffyrdd o feddwl rhesymegol a beirniadol wrth addasu a phroﬁ systemau.

en-gb	I can use, describe and evaluate increasingly sophisticated methods of securing data and systems.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio, disgriﬁo a gwerthuso dulliau mwyfwy sofﬁstigedig o sicrhau bod data a systemau yn ddiogel.

en-gb	I can use a range of computational-thinking techniques to deal with open-ended problems.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddefnyddio ystod o dechnegau meddylfryd cyfriﬁannol i ymdrin â phroblemau penagored.

en-gb	I can evaluate organisations’ use of algorithms to manipulate data in legal and ethical contexts.
cy-gb	Gallaf werthuso defnydd sefydliadau o algorithmau er mwyn trin data mewn cyd-destunau cyfreithiol a moesegol.

en-gb	I can ethically derive information by analysing data sets of varying sizes.
cy-gb	Gallaf gael gafael ar wybodaeth mewn ffordd foesegol drwy ddadansoddi setiau data o amrywiol feintiau.

en-gb	I can show resilience when developing software and systems that solve open-ended problems.
cy-gb	Gallaf ddyfalbarhau wrth ddatblygu meddalwedd a systemau sy’n datrys problemau penagored.

en-gb	I can identify, defend and prevent forms of cyber attacks.
cy-gb	Gallaf adnabod seiberymosodiadau, amddiffyn yn eu herbyn a’u hatal.

en-gb	• Using scientiﬁc approaches to interrogate and analyse data.
cy-gb	• Defnyddio dulliau gweithredu gwyddonol i gwestiynu a dadansoddi data.

en-gb	• Design, engineering and the sciences providing rich contexts to explore the implications of Science and Technology, including the ethical and societal issues of machine learning.
cy-gb	• Dylunio, peirianneg a’r gwyddorau yn darparu cyd-destunau cyfoethog i ystyried goblygiadau Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg, gan gynnwys y materion moesegol a chymdeithasol sy’n gysylltiedig â dysgu drwy beiriant.

en-gb	• The role of digital tools in developing and communicating design, engineering and scientiﬁc solutions.
cy-gb	• Rôl adnoddau digidol wrth ddatblygu a chyﬂeu datrysiadau dylunio, datrysiadau peirianneg a datrysiadau gwyddonol.

en-gb	• How digital systems inform and contextualise the development of a systems-thinking approach.
cy-gb	• Sut mae systemau digidol yn llywio ac yn cynnig cyd-destun ar gyfer datblygu dull meddylfryd systemau.

en-gb	• The use of digital technology when creating and designing.
cy-gb	• Defnyddio technoleg ddigidol wrth greu a dylunio.

en-gb	• The societal impact of digital technology.
cy-gb	• Effaith gymdeithasol technoleg ddigidol.

en-gb	• The impacts and addictive behaviours in respect of technology and in an online context.
cy-gb	• Yr effeithiau a’r ymddygiadau caethiwus mewn perthynas â thechnoleg ac mewn cyd-destun ar-lein.

en-gb	• Online safety and decision-making, including the implications on oneself and others.
cy-gb	• Diogelwch ar-lein a’r broses o wneud penderfyniadau, gan gynnwys y goblygiadau ar gyfer yr unigolyn ac eraill.

en-gb	Languages, Literacy and Communication  • The role of digital tools in contemporary communication.
cy-gb	Ieithoedd, Llythrennedd a Chyfathrebu  • Rôl adnoddau digidol mewn cyfathrebu cyfoes.

en-gb	• The recognition of patterns, syllables, trends and sequences.
cy-gb	• Adnabod patrymau, sillafau, tueddiadau a dilyniannau.

en-gb	• Number, data, classiﬁcation and statistics.
cy-gb	• Rhif, data, dosbarthu ac ystadegau.

en-gb	• The presentation of ﬁndings from inquiry.
cy-gb	• Cyﬂwyno canfyddiadau ymholiadau.

en-gb	Progression step 1  Algorithms
cy-gb	Cam cynnydd 1  Algorithmau

en-gb	• following simple sets of instructions
cy-gb	• dilyn cyfresi syml o gyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• identifying errors in simple sets of instructions
cy-gb	• adnabod gwallau mewn setiau syml o gyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• controlling programmable devices during their play.
cy-gb	• rheoli dyfeisiau rhaglenadwy wrth chwarae.

en-gb	• using a range of technology during their play.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o dechnoleg wrth chwarae.

en-gb	• use available digital equipment appropriately.
cy-gb	• defnyddio’r cyfarpar digidol sydd ar gael yn briodol.

en-gb	Cybersecurity
cy-gb	Seiberddiogelwch

en-gb	• keeping digital information safe and private.
cy-gb	• cadw gwybodaeth ddigidol yn ddiogel ac yn breifat.

en-gb	 Algorithms
cy-gb	Algorithmau

en-gb	• predicting the outcome of instructions
cy-gb	• rhagfynegi canlyniad cyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• coding a simple programme to create and reﬁne a set of instructions through unplugged or ofﬂine activities
cy-gb	• codio rhaglen syml er mwyn creu a mireinio cyfres o gyfarwyddiadau drwy weithgareddau di-blwg neu all-lein

en-gb	• following an increasingly complex set of instructions.
cy-gb	• dilyn cyfres fwyfwy gymhleth o gyfarwyddiadau.

en-gb	• inputting data into a computer system
cy-gb	• mewnbynnu data i system gyfriﬁadurol 

en-gb	• unplugged or ofﬂine activities that investigate the importance of accurate and reliable data.
cy-gb	• gweithgareddau di-blwg neu all-lein sy’n ymchwilio i bwysigrwydd data cywir a dibynadwy.

en-gb	• that data can be stored in different formats, e.g. databases, spreadsheets and tally charts.
cy-gb	• y gellir storio data mewn gwahanol fformatau, e.e. cronfeydd data, taenlenni a siartiau marciau rhifo.

en-gb	• collect and make sense of data gathered through hands-on investigations
cy-gb	• casglu a gwneud synnwyr o ddata a gasglwyd drwy ymchwiliadau ymarferol

en-gb	• analyse data by sorting and searching using a single criterion
cy-gb	• dadansoddi data drwy drefnu a chwilio gan ddefnyddio un maen prawf

en-gb	• communicate data in a range of formats.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeu data mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau.

en-gb	• using a range of technology during their play
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o dechnoleg wrth chwarae

en-gb	• programming simple components (such as motors, sensors and push-buttons), using a digital device to build and make something happen.
cy-gb	• rhaglennu cydrannau syml (megis moduron, synwyryddion a botymau gwthio), gan ddefnyddio dyfais ddigidol i adeiladu a pheri i rywbeth ddigwydd.

en-gb	• select and use available digital equipment appropriately.
cy-gb	• dethol a defnyddio’r cyfarpar digidol sydd ar gael yn briodol.

en-gb	• entering credentials.
cy-gb	• mewnbynnu manylion mewngofnodi.

en-gb	• that they need to keep some information safe.
cy-gb	• bod angen iddynt gadw rhai gwybodaeth yn ddiogel.

en-gb	• creating digital solutions, using both physical and virtual systems
cy-gb	• creu datrysiadau digidol gan ddefnyddio systemau fﬁsegol a systemau rhithwir

en-gb	• using machine-learning applications.
cy-gb	• defnyddio cymwysiadau dysgu drwy beiriant.

en-gb	• solve problems by applying the computational techniques of decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, programming and simulation, through the use of block and text-based languages
cy-gb	• datrys problemau drwy gymhwyso technegau cyfriﬁannol megis dadelfennu, echdynnu,  meddwl algorithmig, rhaglennu ac efelychu, drwy ddefnyddio iaith bloc ac iaith sy’n seiliedig ar destun

en-gb	• predict the outcome of sequences of instructions
cy-gb	• rhagfynegi canlyniad dilyniannau cyfarwyddiadau

en-gb	• detect and correct mistakes in their own and others’ algorithms.
cy-gb	• canfod a chywiro camgymeriadau yn eu halgorithmau eu hunain ac yn algorithmau eraill.

en-gb	Learners need to know:
cy-gb	Mae angen i ddysgwyr broﬁ:

en-gb	• that individuals, commercial companies and government agencies use data within algorithms
cy-gb	• y ffordd y mae unigolion, cwmnïau masnachol ac asiantaethau’r llywodraeth yn defnyddio data o fewn algorithmau

en-gb	• that data can be stored in different formats
cy-gb	• y gellir storio data mewn fformatau gwahanol

en-gb	• a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol er mwyn cadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	• make informed decisions by using scientiﬁc methods to interrogate and analyse data
cy-gb	• gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus drwy ddefnyddio dulliau gwyddonol i gwestiynu a dadansoddi data

en-gb	• collect then input data into a computer system
cy-gb	• casglu ac yna mewnbynnu data i mewn i system gyfriﬁadurol 

en-gb	• interrogate data by using multiple criteria and sorts
cy-gb	• cwestiynu data drwy ddefnyddio meini prawf a threfniadau lluosog

en-gb	• communicate data in a range of appropriate formats
cy-gb	• cyﬂeu data mewn amrywiaeth o fformatau priodol

en-gb	• apply a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• cymhwyso amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol er mwyn cadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	• experimenting with a range of devices that, when appropriate, use input sensors and physical outputs to create a solution.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i arbroﬁ ag amrywiaeth o ddyfeisiau sydd, lle y bo’n briodol, yn defnyddio synwyryddion mewnbynnu ac allbynnau fﬁsegol i greu datrysiad.

en-gb	• that the virtual and physical worlds connect
cy-gb	• bod cysylltiad rhwng y byd rhithwir a’r byd fﬁsegol

en-gb	• that computer systems can be used to solve real-world problems
cy-gb	• y gellir defnyddio systemau cyfriﬁadurol i ddatrys problemau yn y byd go iawn 

en-gb	• that real-world data is represented inside a computer
cy-gb	• y caiff data o’r byd go iawn eu cynrychioli y tu mewn i gyfriﬁadur 

en-gb	• that sensors capture data about the real world
cy-gb	• bod synwyryddion yn adnabod data am y byd go iawn

en-gb	• that computers take input data, store it, process it, and output it as information.
cy-gb	• bod cyfriﬁaduron yn cymryd y data a fewnbynnir, yn eu storio, eu prosesu, a’u hallbynu ar ffurf gwybodaeth.

en-gb	• input data in a variety of ways, process it into information and present it in an appropriate format.
cy-gb	• mewnbynnu data mewn amrywiaeth o ffyrdd, eu prosesu i greu gwybodaeth a’u cyﬂwyno mewn fformat priodol.

en-gb	• simulating the communication process of a computer network and be able to describe vulnerabilities.
cy-gb	• efelychu proses gyfathrebu rhwydwaith cyfriﬁadurol ac i ddisgriﬁo’r mannau gwan.

en-gb	• about security methods that defend against personal, political and commercial cyber attacks
cy-gb	• am ddulliau diogelwch sy’n amddiffyn yn erbyn seiberymosodiadau personol, gwleidyddol a masnachol

en-gb	• about Wales’ contributions to the continual development and use of computational technologies, and their inﬂuence on Welsh affairs.
cy-gb	• am gyfraniadau Cymru at ddatblygiad parhaus technolegau cyfriﬁannol a’r defnydd a wneir ohonynt, a’u dylanwad ar faterion Cymreig.

en-gb	• base decisions about the use of computation on ethical and legal considerations
cy-gb	• seilio penderfyniadau ynghylch y defnydd o gyfriﬁaduron ar ystyriaethau moesegol a chyfreithiol

en-gb	• manage computer system credentials responsibly
cy-gb	• rheoli manylion mewngofnodi systemau cyfriﬁadurol mewn modd cyfrifol

en-gb	• describe the key parts of consent ownership and accountability of data
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo rhannau allweddol perchenogaeth cydsyniad ac atebolrwydd data

en-gb	• describe the vulnerabilities of a network.
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo mannau gwan rhwydwaith.

en-gb	• creating digital solutions, using both physical and virtual systems
cy-gb	• creu datrysiadau digidol, gan ddefnyddio systemau fﬁsegol a systemau rhithwir

en-gb	• constructing and critiquing
cy-gb	• adeiladu a beirniadu

en-gb	• develop applications by training a machine-learning engine
cy-gb	• datblygu cymwysiadau drwy hyfforddi dyfais ddysgu drwy beiriant

en-gb	• apply sophisticated validation methods to maintain the robustness and integrity of their systems
cy-gb	• cymhwyso dulliau dilysu sofﬁstigedig er mwyn sicrhau cadernid ac integriti eu systemau

en-gb	• using different data types in appropriate software applications
cy-gb	• defnyddio gwahanol fathau o ddata mewn cymwysiadau meddalwedd priodol

en-gb	• analysing and evaluating the appropriate use of data types and structures in programs.
cy-gb	• dadansoddi a gwerthuso’r defnydd priodol o fathau o ddata a strwythurau mewn rhaglenni.

en-gb	• how individuals, commercial companies and government agencies use data within algorithms
cy-gb	• am y ffordd y mae unigolion, cwmnïau masnachol ac asiantaethau’r llywodraeth yn defnyddio data o fewn algorithmau

en-gb	• that computer systems depend on reliable data and that there are methods that can be used to ensure data integrity
cy-gb	• bod angen data dibynadwy ar systemau cyfriﬁadurol a bod dulliau y gellir eu defnyddio i sicrhau integriti data

en-gb	• that data can be collected and used in ethical and unethical ways
cy-gb	• y gellir casglu a defnyddio data mewn ffyrdd moesegol ac anfoesegol

en-gb	• a range of appropriate methods to validate and verify data.
cy-gb	• amrywiaeth o ddulliau priodol i gadarnhau a dilysu data.

en-gb	• use program code to extract (echdynnu) and interrogate data
cy-gb	• defnyddio cod rhaglen er mwyn echdynnu (extract) data a’u cwestiynu

en-gb	• using a range of components
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o gydrannau

en-gb	• applying code to control components
cy-gb	• cymhwyso cod er mwyn rheoli cydrannau

en-gb	• creating and using a testing plan.
cy-gb	• creu a defnyddio cynllun proﬁ.

en-gb	• how the virtual and physical worlds connect
cy-gb	• am y cysylltiad rhwng y byd rhithwir a’r byd fﬁsegol

en-gb	• how computer systems solve real-world problems
cy-gb	• sut y mae systemau cyfriﬁadurol yn datrys problemau yn y byd go iawn 

en-gb	• how real-world data is represented inside a computer
cy-gb	• sut y caiff data o’r byd go iawn eu cynrychioli y tu mewn i gyfriﬁadur 

en-gb	• how sensors capture data about the real world
cy-gb	• sut mae synwyryddion yn casglu data am y byd go iawn

en-gb	• how computers take input data, store it, process it, and output it as information.
cy-gb	• sut mae cyfriﬁaduron yn cymryd y data a fewnbynnir, yn eu storio, eu prosesu, a’u hallbynu ar ffurf gwybodaeth.

en-gb	• select and use a range of components to create a system that fulﬁls a brief
cy-gb	• dewis a defnyddio amrywiaeth o gydrannau i greu system sy’n cyﬂawni briff

en-gb	• develop, reﬁne and evaluate a system that fulﬁls a brief, and do so collaboratively and independently
cy-gb	• datblygu, mireinio a gwerthuso system sy’n cyﬂawni briff, ar y cyd ac yn annibynnol 

en-gb	• explain and justify their design decisions.
cy-gb	• egluro a chyﬁawnhau eu penderfyniadau dylunio.

en-gb	• detecting and mitigating cyber attacks
cy-gb	• canfod a lliniaru seiberymosodiadau

en-gb	• simulating the communication process of a computer network.
cy-gb	• efelychu proses gyfathrebu rhwydwaith cyfriﬁadurol.

en-gb	• about security methods in order to defend against personal, political and commercial cyber attacks
cy-gb	• am ddulliau diogelwch er mwyn amddiffyn yn erbyn seiberymosodiadau personol, gwleidyddol a masnachol

en-gb	• manage computer system credentials responsibly
cy-gb	• rheoli manylion cofnodi systemau cyfriﬁadurol mewn modd cyfrifol

en-gb	• describe the vulnerabilities of systems and networks.
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo mannau gwan systemau a rhwydweithiau.

en-gb	• creating digital solutions using both physical and virtual systems
cy-gb	• creu datrysiadau digidol gan ddefnyddio systemau fﬁsegol a systemau rhithwir

en-gb	• using machine-learning applications
cy-gb	• defnyddio cymwysiadau dysgu drwy beiriant

en-gb	• opportunities to debate the ethical and societal issues of machine learning.
cy-gb	• cyﬂeoedd i drafod y materion moesegol a chymdeithasol sy’n gysylltiedig â dysgu drwy beiriant.

en-gb	• the ways in which machine learning works.
cy-gb	• sut mae dysgu drwy beiriant yn gweithio.

en-gb	• how individuals, commercial companies and government agencies use data within algorithms
cy-gb	• y ffordd y mae unigolion, cwmnïau masnachol ac asiantaethau’r llywodraeth yn defnyddio data o fewn algorithmau

en-gb	• that computer systems depend on reliable data and that there are methods that can be used to ensure data integrity
cy-gb	• bod angen data dibynadwy ar systemau cyfriﬁadurol a’r dulliau y gellir eu defnyddio i sicrhau integriti data

en-gb	• using a range of interacting components
cy-gb	• defnyddio amrywiaeth o gydrannau sy’n rhyngweithio

en-gb	• creating and using a testing plan
cy-gb	• creu a defnyddio cynllun proﬁ

en-gb	• designing a brief from an identiﬁed need
cy-gb	• dylunio briff ar sail angen a nodwyd

en-gb	• identifying the computational requirements and restrictions of the need
cy-gb	• adnabod gofynion cyfriﬁannol a chyfyngiadau’r angen

en-gb	• different roles within a project team.
cy-gb	• gwahanol rolau o fewn tîm prosiect.

en-gb	• how the virtual and physical worlds interact
cy-gb	• sut mae’r byd rhithwir a’r byd fﬁsegol yn rhyngweithio

en-gb	• how computer systems solve real-world problems
cy-gb	• sut mae systemau cyfriﬁadurol yn datrys problemau yn y byd go iawn 

en-gb	• how real-world data is represented inside a computer
cy-gb	• sut caiff data o’r byd go iawn eu cynrychioli mewn cyfriﬁadur 

en-gb	• how computers take input data, store it, process it, and output it as information
cy-gb	• sut mae cyfriﬁaduron yn cymryd y data a fewnbynnir, yn eu storio, eu prosesu,a’u hallbynnu ar ffurf gwybodaeth

en-gb	• the computational constraints of projects
cy-gb	• cyfyngiadau cyfriﬁannol prosiectau

en-gb	• the constraints of the skills within project teams.
cy-gb	• cyfyngiadau’r sgiliau o fewn timau prosiect.

en-gb	• work as a team to use computation to solve a problem within their community.
cy-gb	• gweithio fel tîm er mwyn defnyddio dulliau cyfriﬁannol i ddatrys problem yn eu cymuned.

en-gb	• simulating the communication process of a computer network and be able to describe vulnerabilities.
cy-gb	• efelychu proses gyfathrebu rhwydwaith cyfriﬁadurol a disgriﬁo’r mannau gwan.

en-gb	• base decisions on ethical and legal considerations in relation to the use of computation
cy-gb	• seilio penderfyniadau ar ystyriaethau moesegol a chyfreithiol mewn perthynas â dulliau cyfriﬁannol

en-gb	• defend against online attacks
cy-gb	• amddiffyn yn erbyn ymosodiadau ar-lein

en-gb	• manage computer system credentials responsibly
cy-gb	• rheoli manylion systemau cyfriﬁadurol mewn modd cyfrifol 

en-gb	• describe the key parts of consent ownership and accountability of data
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo rhannau allweddol perchenogaeth cydsyniad ac atebolrwydd data 

en-gb	• describe the vulnerabilities of a network
cy-gb	• disgriﬁo mannau gwan rhwydwaith

en-gb	• appreciate the ethical considerations of cyber attacks.
cy-gb	• gwerthfawrogi ystyriaethau moesegol seiberymosodiadau.

en-gb	Word/phrase Deﬁnition
cy-gb	Gair/ymadrodd Difﬁniad

en-gb	Science and Technology 87
cy-gb	Science and Technology 94

en-gb	Healthcare Science in NHS Wales
cy-gb	Gwyddor Gofal Iechyd yn GIG Cymru

en-gb	Looking Forward
cy-gb	Edrych tuag at y Dyfodol

en-gb	The Science Behind Prudent Healthcare
cy-gb	Y Wyddoniaeth y tu ôl i Ofal Iechyd Darbodus

en-gb	WG34232
cy-gb	WG33812

en-gb	Digital ISBN 978-1-78903-692-3
cy-gb	ISBN digidol 978-1-78903-693-0

en-gb	Healthcare science represents a broad range of professions that act within the health arena.
cy-gb	Mae gwyddor gofal iechyd yn cynrychioli ystod eang o broffesiynau sy’n gweithredu yn y maes iechyd.

en-gb	The health service is a continuum from public health, through primary to secondary and tertiary care.
cy-gb	Mae’r gwasanaeth iechyd yn gontinwwm o iechyd y cyhoedd, drwy ofal sylfaenol i ofal eilaidd a thrydyddol.

en-gb	This reflects the journey that we will each travel in our lives from good health to poor health;
cy-gb	Mae hyn yn adlewyrchu’r siwrnai y bydd pob un ohonom yn ei theithio yn ein bywydau o iechyd da i waeledd;

en-gb	from self-management, presentation, assessment, diagnosis, treatment to recovery – healthcare science plays an important role for patients in each of these phases.
cy-gb	o hunan-reoli, cyflwyno, asesu, diagnosis, triniaeth i adferiad – mae gwyddor gofal iechyd yn hollbwysig i gleifion ym mhob un o’r camau hyn.

en-gb	Whether patient facing, within the laboratory or other setting healthcare scientists play an integral role in determining and providing care.
cy-gb	Boed nhw wyneb yn wyneb â chleifion, yn y labordy neu leoliad arall, mae gwyddonwyr gofal iechyd yn chwarae rôl hanfodol i bennu a darparu gofal.

en-gb	Healthcare science professions represent a rich and diverse group of over 50 disciplines.
cy-gb	Mae’r proffesiynau gwyddor gofal iechyd yn cynnwys grŵp cyfoethog ac amrywiol o dros 50 o ddisgyblaethau.

en-gb	The profession continues to evolve in response to emerging innovations through new scientific techniques and discoveries, and as new care pathways and service models are developed and commissioned.
cy-gb	Mae’r proffesiwn yn dal i esblygu mewn ymateb i arloesi drwy dechnegau a darganfyddiadau gwyddonol newydd, ac wrth i lwybrau gofal a modelau gwasanaethau newydd gael eu datblygu a’u comisiynu.

en-gb	Healthcare scientists have a significant role to play in introducing bold new models of seamless care, harnessing innovation using evidence to drive redesign and increasing value for patients and the wider system.
cy-gb	Mae gan wyddonwyr gofal iechyd rôl bwysig o ran cyflwyno modelau newydd o ofal di-dor, gan harneisio arloesedd a defnyddio tystiolaeth i ysgogi’r gwaith o ailddylunio a chynyddu gwerth i gleifion a’r system ehangach.

en-gb	Healthcare scientists have a significant role in leading, defining, designing, developing and delivering multi-professional collaborative high quality applied research in the NHS.
cy-gb	Mae gan wyddonwyr gofal iechyd rôl bwysig o ran arwain, diffinio, dylunio, datblygu a chyflwyno ymchwil gymhwysol gydweithredol aml-broffesiwn o ansawdd uchel yn y GIG.

en-gb	As expert practitioners, healthcare scientists contribute to the education and training of other healthcare professionals, adding to the knowledge base and understanding of the NHS workforce facilitating improved care and better outcomes for patients and better value from NHS resources.
cy-gb	Fel ymarferwyr arbenigol, mae gwyddonwyr gofal iechyd yn cyfrannu at addysg a hyfforddiant gweithwyr gofal iechyd proffesiynol eraill, gan ychwanegu at sylfaen wybodaeth a dealltwriaeth gweithlu’r GIG a hwyluso gofal gwell a chanlyniadau gwell i gleifion a gwell gwerth o adnoddau’r GIG.

en-gb	The healthcare scientist of the future will undoubtedly have a more influential role and continue to make an ever-increasing contribution to all aspects of healthcare planning and delivery in NHS Wales.
cy-gb	Bydd gan wyddonwyr gofal iechyd y dyfodol, yn sicr, rôl fwy dylanwadol a byddant yn parhau i wneud cyfraniad cynyddol i bob agwedd ar gynllunio a chyflenwi gofal iechyd yn GIG Cymru.

en-gb	A transformation of our workforce is required in order to adapt to service and societal challenges such as an aging population, financial pressures and increased service demand.
cy-gb	Mae gofyn trawsnewid ein gweithlu er mwyn addasu i newidiadau mewn gwasanaethau ac mewn cymdeithas, megis poblogaeth sy’n heneiddio, pwysau ariannol a galw cynyddol ar wasanaethau.

en-gb	Innovation and technological progress sits at the core of the healthcare science disciplines.
cy-gb	Mae cynnydd technolegol ac arloesi yn ganolog i ddisgyblaethau gwyddor gofal iechyd.

en-gb	Society is riding high on the wave of a fourth industrial revolution that is driven by data and rapid technological advancement.
cy-gb	Mae ein cymdeithas yng nghanol pedwerydd chwyldro diwydiannol sy’n cael ei yrru gan ddata a datblygiadau technolegol cyflym.

en-gb	Healthcare scientists, alongside other healthcare professionals will be responsible for ensuring that the health service is not left behind and realises the potential arising from new and emerging technologies.
cy-gb	Bydd gwyddonwyr gofal iechyd, ar y cyd â gweithwyr iechyd proffesiynol eraill, yn gyfrifol am sicrhau nad yw’r gwasanaeth iechyd yn cael ei adael ar ôl a’i fod yn cyflawni’r potensial sy’n codi o dechnolegau newydd a datblygol.

en-gb	It is difficult to imagine the full impact that robotics, artificial intelligence, informatics, 3D printing, genomics, regenerative medicine including cell and gene therapy, precision medicine, wearable technologies, molecular diagnostics, imaging and nuclear medicine will have on the health and care system.
cy-gb	Mae’n anodd dychmygu’r effaith lawn a gaiff roboteg, deallusrwydd artiffisial, gwybodeg, argraffu 3D, genomeg, meddygaeth aildyfu gan gynnwys therapi celloedd a genynnau, meddygaeth fanwl, technolegau gwisgadwy, diagnosteg foleciwlaidd, delweddu a meddygaeth niwclear ar y system iechyd a gofal.

en-gb	The complexities of service transformation work best when all professional groups, including healthcare scientists, work together to develop more prudent, clinically effective patient care pathways and models of care.
cy-gb	Mae cymhlethdodau’r broses o drawsnewid gwasanaethau yn gweithio orau pan fo’r holl grwpiau proffesiynol, gan gynnwys gwyddonwyr gofal iechyd, yn gweithio gyda’i gilydd i ddatblygu modelau gofal a llwybrau gofal cleifion clinigol-effeithiol, mwy darbodus.

en-gb	What is certain is that NHS Wales needs the best and brightest minds to create science driven step changes in the system to address the challenges that we face.
cy-gb	Yr hyn sy’n sicr yw bod ar GIG Cymru angen y meddyliau gorau a disgleiriaf i greu newidiadau sylweddol yn y system sy’n cael eu hysgogi gan wyddoniaeth i roi sylw i’r heriau a wynebwn.

en-gb	Our ambition is to create a workforce model where more people can reap the benefits of healthcare science based interventions, driven by individuals who can pursue exciting and enriching careers across different scientific pathways.
cy-gb	Ein huchelgais yw creu model gweithlu lle gall mwy o bobl elwa ar fanteision ymyraethau sy’n seiliedig ar wyddor gofal iechyd - ymyraethau sy’n cael eu symbylu gan unigolion sy’n gallu mynd ar drywydd gyrfaoedd cyffrous a chyfoethog ar draws gwahanol lwybrau gwyddonol.

en-gb	We need to build an environment where healthcare scientists can thrive and work to adapt and improve the system through introducing and spreading evidence and value based practices, reducing inappropriate variation and avoiding harm, improving patient experience and outcomes, and helping the people of Wales to live happy, healthy and productive lives.
cy-gb	Mae angen inni greu amgylchedd lle gall gwyddonwyr gofal iechyd ffynnu a gweithio i addasu a gwella’r system drwy gyflwyno a lledaenu arferion sy’n seiliedig ar dystiolaeth a gwerth, lleihau amrywiadau amhriodol ac osgoi niwed, gwella canlyniadau a phrofiad cleifion, a helpu pobl Cymru i fyw bywydau hapus, iach a chynhyrchiol.

en-gb	Successful implementation of the plan will require significant system leadership, cross-disciplinary and multiple stakeholder engagement to address identified challenges within healthcare science.
cy-gb	Er mwyn gallu gweithredu’n cynllun yn llwyddiannus, bydd gofyn cael arweinyddiaeth gadarn i’r system, ymgysylltiad ar draws disgyblaethau ac ag amryfal randdeiliaid i roi sylw i’r heriau a welwyd ym maes gwyddor gofal iechyd.

en-gb	This framework will also contribute to other NHS facing plans and programmes e.g. 10 year NHS Wales workforce strategy; healthy and active.
cy-gb	Bydd y fframwaith hwn hefyd yn cyfrannu at raglenni a chynlluniau eraill y GIG e.e. strategaeth 10 mlynedd ar gyfer gweithlu GIG Cymru; iach ac egnïol.

en-gb	It is also aligned with important Welsh Government policies such as the Future Generations Act and Prudent healthcare.
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn cyd-fynd â rhai o bolisïau pwysig Llywodraeth Cymru megis Deddf Cenedlaethau’r Dyfodol a gofal iechyd darbodus.

en-gb	It also helps to address the challenges and recommendations set out in the Parliamentary Review of Health and Social Care.
cy-gb	Mae hefyd yn helpu i roi sylw i’r heriau a’r argymhellion a geir yn yr Adolygiad Seneddol o Iechyd a Gofal Cymdeithasol.

en-gb	‘Releasing and harnessing the potential of the healthcare science workforce’
cy-gb	‘Rhyddhau a harneisio potensial y gweithlu gwyddor gofal iechyd’

en-gb	This framework sets out the vision and direction of travel for the healthcare science workforce in Wales, and discusses some of the challenges currently faced by this diverse, system spanning professional group.
cy-gb	Mae’r fframwaith hwn yn disgrifio’r weledigaeth a’r cyfeiriad ar gyfer y gweithlu gwyddor gofal iechyd yng Nghymru, gan drafod rhai o’r heriau sy’n wynebu’r grŵp proffesiynol amrywiol hwn sy’n ymestyn ar draws y system.

en-gb	It sets out a series of actions that will need to be implemented to address short, medium and long-term challenges, which in turn will enable NHS Wales to be safer, more sustainable, and provide increased value in the future.
cy-gb	Mae’n disgrifio cyfres o gamau gweithredu y bydd angen eu rhoi ar waith i roi sylw i heriau tymor byr, tymor canolig a hirdymor - camau gweithredu a fydd yn eu tro yn galluogi GIG Cymru i fod yn fwy diogel a chynaliadwy ac i ddarparu mwy o werth ar gyfer y dyfodol.

en-gb	The development and implementation of a workforce framework that has the capacity to harness and release the full potential of the healthcare science workforce will be key to supporting NHS Wales to develop a world-leading health and care system.
cy-gb	Bydd datblygu a gweithredu fframwaith gweithlu sydd â’r gallu i harneisio a rhyddhau potensial llawn y gweithlu gwyddor gofal iechyd yn hollbwysig i helpu GIG Cymru i ddatblygu system iechyd a gofal cymdeithasol o’r radd flaenaf.

en-gb	This framework also sets out how the skills and knowledge of the healthcare scientist can make a major contribution to the changing landscape of healthcare, through integrated service planning and delivery, research, innovation, improvement, education and system leadership.
cy-gb	Mae’r fframwaith hefyd yn disgrifio sut y gall sgiliau a gwybodaeth gwyddonwyr gofal iechyd wneud cyfraniad mawr i dirlun newidiol gofal iechyd, drwy gynllunio a chyflenwi gwasanaethau’n integredig, ymchwilio, arloesi, gwella, addysgu a darparu arweinyddiaeth i’r system.