Adroddiad tystiolaeth Cymru Wrth-hiliol: Y Gwasanaeth Eiriolaeth Ieuenctid Cenedlaethol (KIRAN) Cymru

This report is a record of conversations and testimonies of people of ethnic minority background in Wales talking about their experiences of racism and their ideas and ambitions for climate change and environmental matters.

Many of these conversations were held in languages other than English or Welsh and translated by the dialogue convenors or conversations were held in English, bearing in mind, for many participants, English is a second language. As these reports reflect what was actually said, they have not been translated into Welsh.

The Welsh Government is committed to turning Wales into an anti-racist nation. In 2020 and 2021, the government published a draft plan, Race Equality Action Plan to consult Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic individuals (or ethnic minority people for short), who have advised the government to take an anti-racist approach. After consulting with the community in 2020 and 2021, the final plan is released, i.e., the "Anti-racist Wales Action Plan" (or simply, the Plan). Our engagement with the community and the feedback we received made it clear that an anti-racist approach is essential. 

So, what does this approach mean? It means we're taking a hard look at how racism may be embedded in our policies, both formal and informal rules, and regulations, which affect everyone. We're focusing on various areas like health, education, employment, housing, and more. This is a significant and ambitious step for the Welsh Government. 

The Welsh Government is passionate about making a lasting impact on the lives of ethnic minority individuals, both today and in the future. The goal is to see them thrive and contribute to a more environmentally conscious, stronger, and fairer Wales, where everyone feels valued. 

The Welsh Government is determined to make a real difference, delivering action and change promptly because they understand that everyone wants to see improvements without unnecessary delays. In the current stage, grassroots community members and community organisations are consulted and their views about how to tackle racism in matters relating to Environment, Climate Change and Rural Affairs are recorded through community dialogues. This information will be analysed and used effectively to implement the plan into action. 

KIRAN Cymru is privileged to have received the opportunity to engage grassroots people in ARWAP Community Dialogue Project. This report contains the details about the engagement, contents of the dialogue, analysis, findings and recommendations. The rest of the report will be divided in the following sections: 

• Methodology
• Discussion
• Findings
• Recommendations
• Reference

To capture the perspectives of community members, we organized several dialogue sessions with adequate provisions of reducing bias, irregularity, and enhancing objectivity and replicability. KIRAN Cymru maintains regular connections with 173 families of ethnic minority backgrounds residing in Wales. In other words, we consistently engage with 473 ethnic minority individuals through various modes of service delivery, including Free weekly GCSE Maths Classes, Adult Recitation Clubs, Theatre Clubs, and community gatherings like Chai and Samosa. Over the course of the last 6 years, during our ongoing community outreach, we have observed that trust plays a pivotal role in asking people’s opinions on social structure and community issues. 

Sampling Frame

Given the aforementioned, we selected our service users as the sampling frame for this dialogue project. In order to mitigate bias, we extended an invitation to each of the 473 service users mentioned above to participate in our dialogue sessions. To comply with GDPR regulations and data protection requirements, all personal details of interviewees were anonymised, ensuring that no participant could be identified in the report. 

Sampling Frame Issues

Our service users are dispersed throughout various regions of Wales, which may pose a challenge for them to physically attend interview sessions held far from their place of residence. To alleviate this issue, we offered hybrid dialogue sessions, accommodating both physical and virtual modes, via Zoom, WhatsApp, Telephone, and face-to-face encounters. 

Furthermore, a significant challenge arose when designing and implementing the research proposal: not all of our service users are proficient in English. Many of them struggle to communicate effectively in English, particularly those from South Asian backgrounds who primarily speak Hindi, Urdu, Pashto, Bengali, Sylheti, Hindustani, and Punjabi languages. To address this challenge, we engaged 2 experienced multilingual survey personnel and enlisted several volunteers to conduct dialogue sessions in these languages. Subsequently, the contents of dialogues were transcribed into English for review and analysis. 

Sample Selection

Out of all the individuals invited to participate in the interviews, 258 initially expressed their willingness to take part, with 248 ultimately contributing to the dialogue sessions. All survey participants represented individuals from Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic backgrounds. 

Research Conduct

The dialogue sessions took place in various locations, including Llandaff North, Gabalfa Hub, Heath Community Hall, Cwmbran Library, and the Wales Millennium Centre. To maximize participation, most data collection sessions followed a hybrid format, and seven telephone/whatsapp interviews were conducted, allowing individuals to join sessions irrespective of geographical boundaries. 

Data Collection and analysis

Data collection was overseen by the following researchers: 

• Anirban Mukhopadhyay, the Project Officer, supervised the project
• 2 survey personnel, proficient in multiple languages, including Bengali, English, Urdu, Hindi, Hindustani, Sylheti, Punjabi, and Pashto, conducted the interviews 
• several intergenerational community members with relevant knowledge and experience assisted the survey personnel in the data collection process

Nature of Data

The data collected was qualitative in nature. Participants were encouraged to express their experiences and perspectives freely, addressing topics such as racism in general, its impact on their daily lives, racism in relation to 'Recreation - green space and access to the countryside,' and racism in relation to 'Visiting the countryside or seaside.' Participants were encouraged to speak about their experiences in any other aspects as well. All participant responses were recorded, anonymized, and transcribed into English, with personal data removed. 

Data analysis

Ethnic minority individuals were invited to participate in the survey, allowing them to freely express their views on various aspects without restrictions. All responses were recorded, anonymized, and transcribed into English. The transcripts were analyzed using the QDA Miner software, with each transcript thoroughly reviewed to identify and code important and meaningful information. After all scripts were coded, a comprehensive list of codes was generated, which can be found in the Findings section of this report. Subsequently, we carefully reviewed and categorized these codes, leading to the identification of the following themes: 

• racism 
• recreation, green space and access to the countryside 
• visiting the countryside or seaside 
• forms of racism 
• after effects 
• quotes 

Additionally, during the analysis stage, several variables were added to each transcript to facilitate analysis. The complete list of variables can be found in annex a at the end of this report. 

Report

Upon completing the analysis, which primarily involved qualitative, we compiled the report, highlighting its limitations, shortcomings, and offering recommendations.

Background 

The comprehensive survey was meticulously designed and conducted within the framework of the Anti-racist Wales Action Plan, the informative booklet on community dialogue regarding Environment, Climate Change, and Rural Affairs, and the associated grant application form. Respondents were tasked with providing their insights into the effectiveness of relevant literature, the potential for implementation and monitoring, and the realisation of Wales as an anti-racist country. 

In our continuous engagement with grassroots communities over the past 6 years, a pivotal revelation has emerged: the paramount importance of 'Trust.' Trust serves as a catalyst for engaging individuals from diverse backgrounds, and the pre-existing relationships between interviewers and interviewees directly impact the quality of data collected in the survey. 

To ensure the acquisition of the highest quality data and information, we opted to include only those individuals in our survey who have previously engaged with our regular services and are familiar with our work. However, we have also welcomed participation from individuals outside our service user base, should they express interest in joining the survey. 

Demography of the respondents 

A total of 248 individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds actively participated in the dialogue. These respondents encompass various professional backgrounds, including doctors, IT professionals, university students, school students, homemakers, taxi drivers, retail and hospitality workers, and more. The survey respondents represented intergenerational community members, reflecting diverse characteristics such as sexual orientation, ethnic backgrounds, and faith affiliations. A multitude of variables were incorporated into QDA Miner for the purpose of categorizing the respondents. It is crucial to note that no respondent can be personally identified by tracing back their specific characteristics. Out of the 248 respondents, 69 were male, and 179 were female. The ethnic backgrounds and places of residence within Wales were as follows: 

Knowledge about the Anti-racist Wales Action Plan (ARWAP) 

To gauge the respondents' familiarity with the Anti-racist Wales Action Plan, 3 key questions were posed at the outset of the survey: 

1. Are you aware of the Anti-racist Wales Action Plan (ARWAP)? 
2. Can you identify the challenges or shortcomings that the ARWAP seeks to address? 
3. Could you elucidate the aims and objectives of the ARWAP? 

Among the 248 respondents, the breakdown of responses is as follows: 

• 2 individuals indicated that they possess knowledge about ARWAP
• 7 respondents expressed uncertainty regarding their awareness of ARWAP
• 239 participants stated that they have no knowledge of ARWAP

Gist of the dialogue 

Throughout the survey, respondents were encouraged to express their thoughts freely and in-depth. The survey encompassed individuals from diverse walks of life and was conducted in a hybrid format. The interview and survey recordings were transcribed in English, forming the foundation for subsequent analysis. Each script underwent meticulous scrutiny, and significant insights gleaned from the transcripts were systematically coded for future reference. 

Following the compilation of all scripts, the second phase of analysis commenced. Codes were organised into themes in alignment with the contextual information. Subsequently, these codes were categorised under 6 overarching themes:

1. Racism in general: participants delved into various dimensions of racism in their lives and explored how racism affected their daily experiences. 
2. Recreation: green space and access to the countryside.
3. Visiting the countryside or seaside.
4. After effects of racism.
5. Forms of racism.
6. Quotes from the respondents. 

The information provided in the aforementioned themes is inherently self-explanatory and is accompanied by narratives where available. This dataset forms the core of our findings. The software generated list of themes and codes are added to this report as annex b. In order to preserve objectivity and reduce bias, no interpretation or elaboration is provided to annex b. The readers will use their prudence and diligence to extract meaning from the contents. 

The respondents have provided a wealth of valuable insights into the prevalence of racism across various facets of our communities. They shared personal narratives illustrating instances of racism while visiting parks or countryside, which brought to light the multifaceted nature of this issue. Our records also document various forms of racism, its enduring aftereffects, and poignant quotes that capture the respondents' own experiences and perspectives on racism. 

In the majority of cases, the stories we collected highlight experiences of racism faced by individuals from Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic backgrounds, where the perpetrators were individuals who do not belong to these backgrounds. However, it's crucial to acknowledge that instances of intra-ethnic minority racism also exist, revealing an undercurrent within our communities that is not widely recognised. 

One particular incident serves as a striking example of this lesser-known form of racism. In this case study, a woman of Afghan descent encountered racism while shopping with her daughter from another family of ethnic minority background, in Cardiff. This case study is provided as annex c in this report, offering a deeper exploration of this issue and shedding light on the complexities of racism within ethnic minority communities.

Throughout our engagement with the community and data collection process, we have closely adhered to the guidelines set forth by the Welsh Government in fulfilling the terms of our contract. From the inception of the dialogue to the submission of this report, we have taken utmost care to minimize bias, ensure objectivity, and enable respondents to freely express their views without any lead or intervention from the interviewer or from our side. 

Our primary focus was to invite people to share their perspectives on 3 key themes: 

1. Racism in general and its impact on daily lives: respondents provided invaluable insights into how racism affects their lives. 
2. Recreation, green space and access to the countryside: Participants shared their experiences and any challenges faced while engaging in recreational activities in natural settings. 
3. Visiting the countryside or seaside: the experiences and potential challenges encountered during visits to these areas were explored.

It's worth noting that we also welcomed participants to discuss issues outside the purview of the above-mentioned themes. This open approach enriched our data, making it more meaningful. 

The data and information collected have been meticulously recorded, scripted, and anonymized, all of which contribute to this report. However, it is essential to draw attention to cases where respondents opted not to comment or declined to participate in the dialogue or survey. 

During the course of our dialogues, we asked participants for their insights on how to improve the current situation and make the system more effective. The recommendations we received can be grouped as follows: 

• Recommendation 1 (7 respondents): several individuals expressed a desire for in-depth understanding of the subject and requested more workshops/discussions, if possible in their mother languages. 
• Recommendation 2 (4 respondents): a group of respondents advocated for direct involvement in every stage of policy development and implementation. They believe that greater participation of ordinary people, who share their experiences and characteristics, is crucial to representing their needs and circumstances accurately. 
• Recommendation 3 (13 respondents): 13 respondents indicated uncertainty regarding specific recommendations. 
• Recommendation 4 (58 respondents): many respondents, a significant number, expressed a desire for policies and proposals, such as the Anti-racist Wales Action Plan (ARWAP), to be available in multiple languages, including Bengali, Hindi, Urdu, Sylheti, Punjabi, Hindustani, Farsi, and others. 
• Recommendation 5 (151 respondents): the majority of respondents noted that they do not have a specific recommendation to offer. 
• Recommendation 6 (10 respondents): 10 respondents highlighted that their participation in the dialogue sessions organized by KIRAN Cymru marked their first opportunity to engage in the policy-making process. They welcomed this initiative and expressed a desire for similar discussions to take place consistently within the community. This would enable them to voice their opinions on matters that significantly impact their lives. 

Theme 1: racism in general

• racism on the bus
• racism in public transport
• racism faced by family
• racism faced by elder father, mother and son
• called 'Paki’
• the person was called Paki for requesting a white boy on the bus to leave the disabled seat
• at a school, skin colour and accent
• Aisha's classmates taunted her about her skin colour and ridiculed her accent
• waiting for a bus ‘brown donkey’
• called Brown Dunkey
• racism in school in the community
• faced Racism in communities
• South Asian family
• family faced racism in communities
• derogatory notes on their doorstep
• making hurtful comments about their cultural practices and accusing them of not belonging in the neighbourhood
• spitted on
• spitted on the victim
• a Nepalese family faced racism
• Nepali family with young children experienced racial abuse. The front wall of their property was spray painted, ‘A witch family lives here’
• graffiti
• on their front wall it was written a witch family live here
• in the community, threat mail
• an interracial couple received threatening anonymous letters warning them to leave the area because their mixed-race relationship is not welcome in the community
• inter-racial couple received threatmail
• an inter-racial couple received threatmail saying they are not welcome in the community
• on the bus with child
• after picking my 4 yrs old girl from school I boarded a bus to come back home
• family home has been vandalised with hateful graffiti
• Sikh family home has been vandalised with hateful graffiti
• racism in cinema
• an Asian young family was refused entry to a community cinema based on their skin colour, despite having a reservation 
• racism in restaurant
• in a bustling city, an Indian family faced racial discrimination when they were denied entry to a popular restaurant, despite having a reservation.
• racism in classroom
• religious Studies class
• racism in Bank/Office
• racism faced in a bank during lunch hour office canteen
• racism in family home
• a South Indian family lives in Rumney. One morning they found different symbols
• racism in Newport Uni
• in October 2000, a Sikh student was walking down from his University in Newport. A group of cyclists tried to pull his turban and pushed him on the road. The boy was injured and taken to hospital
• racism in Heath Hospital
• an elderly Caribbean woman was walking along the Heath Hospital in the evening. A car passed by and the people inside the car shouted ‘do not get out in the dark, we can’t see you’.
• Aberystwyth university dormitory
• in a dormitory of Aberystwyth university an Indian student was asked to leave because he was speaking in his mother tongue which was weird and strange as per other occupants.
• University in Newport
• a student faced racism in public while going to university
• Asian Shop Vandalised
• an Asian shop has been vandalised in Albany Road, Cardiff in 2022. The perpetrators have written ‘We do not want you’ on the wall. The shop has been closed forever
• racism at the bus stop in night
• racism has led to feelings of insecurity about my appearance, culture, and racial identity. Insecurity
• family and children faced racism

• I was coming to Grangetown from Rumney with my family. It was raining then. My husband, my older daughter 13 yrs, my younger daughter 6 yrs and my husband. It was 10.30pm. I was wearing a Hijab. We were the only passengers waiting at the bus stop. We saw the bus coming, it was not full, we waived to stop the bus. The driver saw us, but the bus did not stop at the bus stop. We had to walk from Rumney to Cardiff City Centre, because we did not have money for a taxi.

• racism has led to feelings of insecurity about my appearance, culture, and racial identity. Insecurity
• a Muslim woman travelling on bus faced racism
• a Muslim woman wearing a niqab was verbally harassed and threatened while in a bus from Cardiff to Newport
• racism towards Hijab
• a Muslim woman was harassed for wearing Hijab
• racism in school premises
• in Newport school, a biracial year 7 child was bullied by classmates who questioned his identity and made hurtful comments about his appearance
• year 7 biracial girl student was bullied because her hair look different. Fellow students pulled her hair
• In Newport school, a biracial year 7 child was bullied by classmates who questioned his identity and made hurtful comments about his appearance
• the reason they bullied the girl was primarily that she put oil on her hair
• racism in community
• a pregnant woman was coming from office walking from the bus stop. Suddenly, group of children approached her and pushed her. When she fell on the road, they shouted Paki Aunty. A pregnant Indian woman living in Tremorfa has been pushed by young children who called them ‘Paki Aunty’. The woman fell and had to be taken to hospital
• racism in University
• an Asian student was ridiculed for his accent
• racism at Brecon National Park Racism at Treforest Neighbourhood
• in a suburban neighbourhood in Treforest, the Choudhury family encountered racism when a neighbour repeatedly made offensive comments against their Asian background. Most of the weekends, during midnight, the neighbour will get drunk and start calling them ‘fish eaters’. My racial identity has been a source of struggle, as I try to reconcile societal expectations with my true self Identity Struggle
• racism at Treforest Town centre
• in the peaceful town of Treforest, the Wong family experienced racism when they opened a new Chinese restaurant. One evening, a group of customers walked in and demanded to be served by someone who "spoke proper English." Their refusal to be served by the Wong family, who were of Asian descent, was a blatant display of racial bias
• my experiences with racism have highlighted the intersectionality of discrimination, impacting other aspects of my identity Intersectionality 

Theme 2: recreation visiting greenspace 

• not enough green space for family
• yes, there is a park near our place. But too many sports equipment are fitted in the park. There is no space for walking or family outings
• not enough greenspace for walking
• yes, there is a park near our place. But too many sports equipment are fitted in the park. There is no space for walking or family outings
• parks nearby are not suitable for family use
• there is a park in our locality. But the park is not well maintained. During the Autumn and Winter sessions dry leaves fall on the pavements inside the park. These pavements and park grounds are not cleared regularly. Those leaves when soaked in rain become very slippery and dangerous. One of our community members fell while walking in the park and injured her hip severely. SO, we do not go to the park
• roads in the park are not maintained
• there are potholes on the roads. I have injured my ancle permanently
• the footpaths are not cleared and slippery
• it is dangerous for young and elderly people walking in the park.
• there is a park in our locality. But the park is not well maintained. During the Autumn and Winter sessions dry leaves fall on the pavements inside the park. These pavements and park grounds are not cleared regularly. Those leaves when soaked in rain become very slippery and dangerous. One of our community members fell while walking in the park and injured her hip severely. SO, we do not go to the park
• cycle rides very fast
• bicycles ride very fast on the park pavement. It is dangerous for older people and adults to walk in the park
• we live near Roath park. But, we do not normally go to the park because people ride bicycles on park pavement, the riders are very fast and I suffer from osteoporosis. I find it extremely difficult to protect myself from those bikers. So, I have not enjoying the park facility for quite some time
• park pavements are not maintained properly
• we live in front of Ninian Road, Cardiff. The park pavement is not maintained properly and contains potholes. I injured my ankle permanently, so do not go there at present
• young people play football or games
• there is a greenfield near where I live. But, most of the time of the day, youne people play football or other games in the park. I am 73 yrs old and I find it a bit risky to enjoy park facilities
• benches in the park have been removed
• need to take rest intermittently while walking in the park. There used to be benches in Roath park, where I could sit for a while
• currently many of those benches have been removed and I find it very difficult to walk. I used to walk around Roath park for the last few years. Now, I find it difficult because the benches in the park are not found in order. I need to take rest intermittently while walking. So I do not go to the park regularly
• poor transport facility
• there is very infrequent bus service to the park, even no buses on Sat and Sundays
• there is no park near where I live. The nearest one is Victoria Park. There are 2 problems visiting the park with family members. The public transport facilities are not good and regular. Moreover, I need to spend £14.00 each time I take my intergenerational family members. To make things worse there is no bus service on Saturdays and Sundays
• costly for families to enjoy park
• it costs on average £14.00 for a family of 4 to visit park on any day of the week. So, it is impossible to visit parks nearby despite the family members choice
• racism in Park
• while I was walking in Roath Park, I was wearing Salwar Suits. A group of young boys started calling me Bin Laden
• I am a Muslim and I wear Pathani Salwar. One day I was in Roath Park, a group of young people started calling me Bin Laden from the back. Later, when getting off, they kept on laughing at me and when they completely got off, they were shouting Bin Laden and pointing at me. The whole thing left me shocked and very sad
• public transport is not regular Transport is costly
• there is no park near where I live. The nearest one is Victoria Park. There are 2 problems visiting the park with family members. The public transport facilities are not good and regular. Moreover, I need to spend £14.00 each time I take my intergenerational family members. To make things worse there is no bus service on Saturdays and Sundays.
• racism in park, called 'China Man'
• hello my name is Chan, I am an MBA student from China. I faced racism in Carmarthenshire. When I was queuing before an ice cream van in a park, a group of strangers called me ‘China Man’. The individuals' hurtful words were a direct expression of their prejudice and intolerance towards my Asian heritage
• racial abuse in Brecon National Park 

Theme 3: visiting countryside

• racism when visiting countryside
• racism faced while family was going to countryside
• Cosmeston Lake
• racism in park
• poured water on the BBQ
• a group of Afghan family was enjoying BBQ at Cosmeston Lake. A group of young people poured water on their BBQ
• not Enough Green Space 

Theme 4

• mistrust
• the person felt that there was not trust between white person and the Black Asian and Minority Ethnic People
• emotional distress and eroding her sense of belonging
• the victim became emotionally distressed and could not feel any sense of belonging
• vulnerable and fearful for his safety
• the person kept thinking about racism
• feeling isolated and rejected
• the family felt isolated, rejected and deeply hurt
• aftereffects
• what was the effect of racism
• man shaken and concerned for his safety leaving them in fear for their safety
• the victim family was worried of their safety
• self doubt
• Experiencing racism can trigger self-doubt, making me question my worth and abilities
• Self-Doubt
• insecurity about appearance, culture, and racial identity
• I was coming to Grangetown from Rumney with my family. It was raining then. My husband, my older daughter 13 yrs, my younger daughter 6 yrs and my husband. It was 10.30pm. I was wearing a Hijab. We were the only passengers waiting at the bus stop. We saw the bus coming, it was not full, we waived to stop the bus. The driver saw us, but the bus did not stop at the bus stop. We had to walk from Rumney to Cardiff City Centre, because we did not have money for a taxi
• racism has led to feelings of insecurity about my appearance, culture, and racial identity Insecurity.
• the victim had to be taken to hospital
• a pregnant woman was coming from office walking from the bus stop. Suddenly, group of children approached her and pushed her. When she fell on the road, they shouted Paki Aunty.
• not enough green space
• yes, there is a park near our place. But too many sports equipment are fitted in the park. There is no space for walking or family outings
• verbal abuse, called 'Bin Laden'
• I am a Muslim and I wear Pathani Salwar. One day I was in Roath Park, a group of young people started calling me Bin Laden from the back. Later, when getting off, they kept on laughing at me and when they completely got off, they were shouting Bin Laden and pointing at me. The whole thing left me shocked and very sad
• verbal abuse, called 'China Man'
• Hello my name is Chan, I am an MBA student from China. I faced racism in Carmarthenshire. When I was queuing before an ice cream van in a park, a group of strangers called me ‘China Man’. The individuals' hurtful words were a direct expression of their prejudice and intolerance towards my Asian heritage.
• fellow students laughing
• Asian student was laughed at because of having accent
• double consciousness
• I was made aware of my ethnic background continuously
• racism in Treforest Neighbourhood
• called Fisheaters
• in a suburban neighbourhood in Treforest, the Choudhury family encountered racism when a neighbour repeatedly made offensive comments against their Asian background. Most of the weekends, during midnight, the neighbour will get drunk and start calling them ‘fish eaters’. My racial identity has been a source of struggle, as I try to reconcile societal expectations with my true self Identity Struggle
• felt identity struggle
• felt ashamed and very sad.
• in a suburban neighbourhood in Treforest, the Choudhury family encountered racism when a neighbour repeatedly made offensive comments against their Asian background. Most of the weekends, during midnight, the neighbour will get drunk and start calling them ‘fish eaters’. My racial identity has been a source of struggle, as I try to reconcile societal expectations with my true self - Identity Struggle
• verbal racism
• in a Chinese Fish and Chips shop, local people demanded to be served by a person who speaks 'proper English', not by a Chinese person.
• my experiences with racism have highlighted the intersectionality of discrimination, impacting other aspects of my identity Intersectionality
• impact other aspects of my identity
• Intersectionality.
• in the peaceful town of Treforest, the Wong family experienced racism when they opened a new Chinese restaurant. One evening, a group of customers walked in and demanded to be served by someone who "spoke proper English." Their refusal to be served by the Wong family, who were of Asian descent, was a blatant display of racial bias

Theme 5

• form of Racism
• stranger shouted at my child on the bus
• ‘for God’s sake please keep quiet’. He added ‘how much do you eat?’
• graffiti
• Sikh family home has been vandalized with hateful graffiti
• family said that the hall is full
• the family was informed that the hall is full while it was not.
• denied entry to restaurant
• the doorman said the restaurant is full. While the family spoke to the manager, they were informed that a few members of the family smell. SO, other guests will be disturbed
• Mimicry if Goddess Kali
• have drawn a mimicry of Maa Kali and called her an idiot.
• calling 'stupid'
• have drawn a mimicry of Maa Kali and called her an idiot.
• ridiculed for eating rice everyday
• laugh at my eating rice at lunch time. Office colleague ridiculed for eating rice every day during lunch.
• symbols drawn on the door
• a South Indian family lives in Rumney. One morning they found different symbols drawn on their door. It was written that ‘the people of this house practice Voodoo’
• ‘the people of this house practice Voodoo’
• found written on the door Pushed the boy and remove turban Do not get out in the dark
• an elderly Caribbean woman was walking along the Heath Hospital in the evening. A car passed by and the people inside the car shouted ‘do not get out in the dark, we can’t see you’.
• punished for speaking in Bengali
• in a dormitory of Aberystwyth university an Indian student was asked to leave because he was speaking in his mother tongue which was weird and strange as per other occupants
• pulled turban and swore
• in October 2000, a Sikh student was walking down from his University in Newport. A group of cyclists tried to pull his turban and pushed him on the road. The boy was injured and taken to
• 'we do not want you', written on shop wall
• ‘we do not want you’ on the wall
• the driver refused to stop seeing the lady in Hijab
• the bus was empty. I was coming to Grangetown from Rumney with my family. It was raining then. My husband, my older daughter 13 yrs, my younger daughter 6 yrs and my husband. It was 10.30pm. I was wearing a Hijab. We were the only passengers waiting at the bus stop. We saw the bus coming, it was not full, we waived to stop the bus. The driver saw us, but the bus did not stop at the bus stop. We had to walk from Rumney to Cardiff City Centre, because we did not have money for a taxi
• racism has led to feelings of insecurity about my appearance, culture, and racial identity Insecurity
• the family had to walk from Rumney to Cardiff Town
• racism has led to feelings of insecurity about my appearance, culture, and racial identity - Insecurity. 
• her feelings of fear and insecurity
• a pregnant woman called Paki Aunty
• a pregnant woman was coming from office walking from the bus stop. Suddenly, group of children approached her and pushed her. When she fell on the road, they shouted Paki Aunty.
• called 'Bin Laden' in park
• I am a Muslim and I wear Pathani Salwar. One day I was in Roath Park, a group of young people started calling me Bin Laden from the back. Later, when getting off, they kept on laughing at me and when they completely got off, they were shouting Bin Laden and pointing at me. The whole thing left me shocked and very sad.
• intolerance towards Asian Heritage
• Hello my name is Chan, I am an MBA student from China. I faced racism in Carmarthenshire. When I was queuing before an ice cream van in a park, a group of strangers called me ‘China Man’. The individuals' hurtful words were a direct expression of their prejudice and intolerance towards my Asian heritage.
• felt shameful when called fisheater
• in a suburban neighbourhood in Treforest, the Choudhury family encountered racism when a neighbour repeatedly made offensive comments against their Asian background. Most of the weekends, during midnight, the neighbour will get drunk and start calling them ‘fish eaters’. My racial identity has been a source of struggle, as I try to reconcile societal expectations with my true self - Identity Struggle

Theme 6: quotes

• िचंता: तब िचंता की भावना होती है, जब मœ जब मœ रे िसǚ के भय को डरते समय गुजरता šँ, ।
• िचंता: तब िचंता की भावना होती है, जब मœ जब मœ रे िसǚ के भय को डरते समय गुजरता šँ, ।
• tension
• रे िसǚ का अनुभव करने पर ˢाथŊ-संदेह उȋɄ हो सकता है, Ɛोंिक मœ अपने मूʞ और सामȚŊ को संदेह मŐ डाल सकता šँ।
• racism feeling
• জািতগত িব჉পতা সেрহ এবং ίনরােশҝর জф έদয়। যা সমােজর পেϠ Ϡিতকর।
• frustration
• hope for change: despite the hardships, I hold onto hope that society can change for the better, driven by Hope for change
• intersectionality: my experiences with racism have highlighted the intersectionality of discrimination, impact
• supportive networks: I've found solace and strength in supportive networks of people who understand the Teaching Moments: I often seize the opportunity to educate others about the impact of racism when it presents. Perseverance: Despite the hardships, I persevere, determined to break down racial barriers and stereotype Identity Struggle: My racial identity has been a source of struggle, as I try to reconcile societal expectations 
• racism forms: microaggressions and overt racism are common as well as implied white supremacy.
• double consciousness: I've developed a "double consciousness," constantly aware of how I'm perceived as Unequal Opportunities: Racism has limited my access to opportunities, leaving me with a sense of unfulfilled 
• normalization of bias: over time, I've sadly normalized some of the racial biases I face as part of daily life
• cultural loss: I've experienced a sense of cultural loss as I've distanced myself from my heritage to avoid exclusion: The exclusion I've faced due to my race has left me feeling like an outsider in various social settings 
• insecurity: Racism has led to feelings of insecurity about my appearance, culture, and racial identity.
• vigilance: I've become hyper-vigilant, constantly on the lookout for potential racial biases or threats. Self-Doubt: Experiencing racism can trigger self-doubt, making me question my worth and abilities
• mistrust: I often find myself filled with mistrust when I encounter racial bias, making it challenging to form Sadness: Racism fills me with deep sadness as I grapple with the emotional weight of discrimination
• frustration: I experience frustration when I confront the persistent racial bias and inequality that affect my anxiety: Feelings of anxiety well up when I navigate situations where the fear of racial discrimination linger fear racism instills fear in me, as I worry about personal safety and the specter of unequal treatment
• powerlessness: I often feel a sense of powerlessness in the face of systemic racism, as I grapple with its Isolation: Many times, I experience isolation, struggling with the feeling of being misunderstood and unsupported Shame: I've had moments of shame, internalizing prejudice imposed on me because of my racial identity. Grief: The experience of racism often leads me to grieve for lost opportunities, experiences, and relationships Exhaustion: Dealing with racism is emotionally and mentally exhausting, often leaving me feeling fatigued. Injustice: The unfair treatment based on my race stirs a profound sense of injustice within me.
• hurt: racist incidents have hurt me deeply, causing emotional pain and anguish
• confusion: I grapple with confusion, wondering why I'm the target and how to effectively respond to racism Distrust: My experiences of racism have fostered distrust toward others, especially those from different race
• hopelessness: at times, I've felt a sense of hopelessness, doubting the possibility of meaningful change. Defensiveness: In the face of racism, I become defensive to protect my self-esteem and racial identity. Resilience: Despite adversity, I strive to display resilience and determination in advocating for change
• empowerment: my experiences with racism empower and motivate me to be a catalyst for advocacy and tr Rejection of Stereotypes: I actively reject and challenge the stereotypes imposed on me, asserting my individuality

Case study in own words of the victim:

I’m writing this email in regards to a racist incident I faced very recently. I feel strongly about this recent incident as I was accompanied with my youngest daughter, my daughter and I were shopping late afternoon around 5:30-6:00 at the Home bargains in cardiff bay retail park. My youngest daughter is obsessed with pumpkin during this season and there are a lot of pumpkin inspired outfits for her so I was minding my business and showing her the dresses and I was having a conversation about what she can be for Halloween and suddenly a girl commented very loudly and in rude tone of voice that she should be a witch as I never included her and her team into my conversation and will not allow anyone speak to my daughter the way she did I went to her and I said she can’t speak to my child that way and no one asked her opinion and walked away.

I hold my daughter’s hand and gone my way when suddenly the older women with that girl approached me pulling my shoulder I tried to walk away she pulled me towards her and started shouting at my face I felt shocked my daughter saw everything she was very upset she is only 4yr old and must not be in that situation at all.

So after the women pulled me said that you are a witch and so is your daughter I was scared as this was outrageous to experience I ask a member of staff to help me as I don’t feel safe I was surrounded by the woman her 3 girl so it was 4 of them and myself and I had to think about my daughter, I still haven’t gone back to that shop as I feel not safe and while I’m writing to you I feel uneasy and very sad. So that time 2 members of staff came and I said what happened they check the cc tv recording and it was clearly showing that she pulled me and harassed me. I requested to call the police so they did but by that time the woman and 3 girls left not only she payed her hand on me but she commented that she can speak to me and apologise cause she think I don’t even look like I can speak English she said that to the member of staff in front of me and my daughter she called me swear words and said that I am a bad mother.

I waited till the police come took my statement and than they said they will look as the recording and if they can find them they will take further action but my question is what if not so anyone can be this disgusting and get away with it. It has effected me and this is not right my daughter and I don’t deserve to be treated this way no one deserves this.

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